Wrap Text
Maiden Sylvinite Mineral Resource at Dougou Extension
Kore Potash plc
(Incorporated in England and Wales)
Registration number 10933682
ASX share code: KP2
AIM share code: KP2
JSE share code:KP2
ISIN: GB00BYP2QJ94
(“Kore Potash” or the “Company”)
Maiden Sylvinite Mineral Resource at Dougou Extension
Kore Potash plc, the potash development company whose flagship asset is the 97%-owned Sintoukola
Potash Project (“Kola” or the “Project”), is pleased to provide the first sylvinite Mineral Resource
Estimate for the Dougou Extension Deposit (the “Deposit”), following drilling completed in 2017, and
interpretation of earlier drilling and seismic survey data.
A copy of this announcement including diagrams is available on the Company’s website at
www.korepotash.com.
The Dougou Extension Deposit is located southwest of the Company’s Kola sylvinite Deposit which has
Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources of 508 Mt grading 35.4% KCl. Sylvinite is a rock type
comprised primarily of the potash mineral sylvite (KCl) and halite (NaCl). Sylvinite is the most
important source of Potash worldwide.
Highlights
• Total sylvinite Mineral Resources at Dougou Extension of 232 Mt of sylvinite grading
38.1% KCl, comprised of:
o Indicated Mineral Resource of 111 Mt sylvinite grading 37.2% KCl, and
o Inferred Mineral Resource of 121 Mt sylvinite grading 38.9 %KCl.
• The Deposit is contained within two horizontal or gently dipping sylvinite seams, the
Hangingwall Seam (HWS) and the Top Seam (TS). The Hangingwall Seam is very high grade,
containing 67 Mt grading 60.1% KCl.
• Dougou Extension is the Company’s third potash Deposit along with the Kola sylvinite
Deposit and the Dougou carnallite Deposit and takes Kore’s total sylvanite Mineral
Resource to 1 billion tonnes.
• The shallow seams within this new Deposit are 310 metres and 490 metres below surface
and are situated at the southern end of an area approximately 30 km long and up to 12
km wide, that remains prospective for additional sylvinite mineralisation (Figure 1).
• The Deposit is situated 15 km from the Company’s planned processing and export facility
for the Kola Project, on the Atlantic coast. The sylvinite has extremely low amounts of
insoluble material and magnesium, less than 0.3% and 0.1% respectively, which is
advantageous for low cost Muriate of Potash (MoP) production.
• This Deposit adds to the Company’s Kola sylvinite Deposit, increasing the Company’s total
sylvinite Mineral Resources by 27% to 1.08 billion tonnes with an average grade of 35.5%
KCl (Table 4).
• The Dougou Extension Mineral Resource has potential to provide additional feed to
increase the processing life at the planned Kola Project and/or to contribute to an increase
in scale of the Kola project. These options are planned to be assessed by the Company
following completion of the Kola Definitive Feasibility Study.
Brad Sampson, CEO of Kore, commented:
“The maiden sylvinite Mineral Resources at Dougou Extension brings a third deposit within our permits
in the Republic of Congo, and reinforces our view that this new basin hosts large globally important,
shallow, and high-grade potash deposits. We remain excited with the potential for these deposits to
supply potash to African and international agrinutrient markets for multiple generations.”
“With the development of Kola our primary focus, this new Deposit creates potential for sylvinite from
Dougou Extension to be processed at the planned Kola facility and provides yet more evidence that the
start of production from this world-class basin will be a disruptive force in the fertiliser sector for
decades to come.”
Table 1. Sylvinite Mineral Resource Estimate for the Dougou Extension Deposit, dated 20 August 2018
using a 15% KCl cut-off grade, reported in accordance with JORC 2012.
Seam Category Million Tonnes of Sylvinite Grade (KCl %) Average seam thickness (m)
HWS Indicated 30 58.8 3.8
HWS Inferred 37 61.2 3.4
HWS TOTAL 67 60.1 3.6
TS Indicated 81 29.3 5.4
TS Inferred 84 29.0 5.1
TS TOTAL 165 29.1 5.2
TOTAL INDICATED 111 37.2 5.0
TOTAL INFERRED 121 38.9 4.6
TOTAL INDICATED + INFERRED 232 38.1 4.7
Location
The Dougou Extension Sylvinite Deposit is located in the Kouilou District of the Republic of Congo,
within the Company’s Dougou mining permit. The Deposit is situated approximately 15 km southeast
of the Company’s Kola Deposit, close to the infrastructure corridor linking Kola with the planned
process plant and export facility on the Atlantic coast (Fig. 1).
Strategic Importance
Historically, the Republic of the Congo was an important supplier of MOP to international markets.
Between 1969 and 1977 one mining operation in the RoC produced up to 450,000 tonnes per annum
of MoP and the presence of potash in the RoC is well known.
The Company’s Preliminary Feasibility Study for the Sintoukola Project (“Kola”) indicated that a mining
and processing operation to produce MOP at Kola could produce MOP to supply international markets
at very low costs of production. The Company subsequently engaged a consortium of French
engineering companies who are currently completing a Definitive Feasibility Study on the Kola Project.
Dougou Extension is the Company’s third potash Deposit along with the Kola sylvinite Deposit and the
Dougou carnallite Deposit (Table 4).
The Dougou Extension Mineral Resources increase the Company’s total sylvinite Mineral Resources by
27% to 1.08 billion tonnes with an average grade of 35.5% KCl (Table 4).
This Deposit is located approximately 15 km from the potash processing plant the Company is planning
to construct for the Kola project (Figure1). With transport distances to the planned processing plant
approximately half that of Kola sylvinite and similar chemical properties to the Kola sylvinite, this
Deposit may be suitable to supply feed into the planned Kola plant.
Potential exists for sylvinite from this Deposit to increase the operating life and/or the production rate
of Kore’s planned operations in the RoC.
Kore Potash’s permits shown in Figure 1 cover 955 km2 of the onshore Congo sedimentary Basin and
the Company’s exploration activity has confirmed that these permits hosts extensive sylvinite and
carnallite potash mineralisation. Dougou Extension is at the southern end of a zone 30 km in length
and 5 to 12 km wide (Figure 1), recognised by the Company as being prospective for additional sylvinite
based on the structural setting interpreted from 2D seismic survey data.
The Company intends to assess these strategic options further after the completion of the Kola
Definitive Feasibility study which is underway.
Figure 1. Dougou Extension Deposit location at the southern end of the prospective zone for sylvinite
(see http://www.korepotash.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Maiden-Sylvinite-Mineral-
Resource-at-Dougou-Extension-AIM-images.pdf)
Geology
The sylvinite at Dougou Extension is contained within two seams, the Hangingwall Seam (HWS) and
the Top Seam (TS), separated by between 10 and 15 m of rock-salt (Figures 2 and 3). The seams are at
a depth of between 310 m and 490 m below surface. These seams sit within the upper part of a 400-
500 m thick Salt Member (or ‘Salt). The Salt is capped by a thick layer (10-16 m) of clay and anhydrite
(Figure 3).
Figure 2. Cross-section through part of the Dougou Extension Deposit (looking north) (see
http://www.korepotash.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Maiden-Sylvinite-Mineral-Resource-at-
Dougou-Extension-AIM-images.pdf).
At Dougou Extension, sylvinite formed via replacement of pre-existing carnallitite (carnallitite is a rock
type comprised primarily of the potash mineral carnallite (KMgCl3·6H2O) and halite) within the upper
40-80 m of the Salt. Below this depth the TS and HWS are carnallitite. The Mineral Resource Estimate
excludes all carnallitite. The HWS and TS are flat or gently dipping (mostly less than 5 degrees) and
have an average thickness of 3.6 and 5.2 m respectively. The Mineral Resources within the HWS are
approximately twice the grade of those contained in the TS, being comprised of approximately 60% of
the mineral sylvite.
Figure 3. Close-up of part of figure 2 showing important aspects of the resource model in cross-
section (see http://www.korepotash.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Maiden-Sylvinite-Mineral-
Resource-at-Dougou-Extension-AIM-images.pdf).
Sylvinite is overlain by massive rock-salt and as at the nearby Kola Deposit, the sylvinite and immediate
host rock have extremely low amounts of insoluble material and magnesium. All drill-hole
intersections of the HWS and TS at Dougou Extension contain less than 0.3% insolubles and less than
and 0.1% of magnesium.
The eastern extent of the Deposit is bound by the Dougou carnallitite Deposit, in which carnallitite is
contained within the HWS, TS and two deeper seams.
Exploration Data
The Mineral Resource Estimate was based upon data for 13 holes within or around the deposit area,
drilled by Kore or previous explorers. The interpretation of approximately 160 line km of oil-industry
2D seismic survey data aided modelling of surfaces between the drill-holes. Six drill-holes within the
Mineral Resource extent intersected sylvinite in either the HWS or TS or in both seams. These
intersections are listed in Table 3. Kore’s drill-holes were made by diamond coring of the Salt, using a
tri-salt brine to achieve over 95% recovery. Core is either of PQ or HQ size (85 or 65 mm diameter)
and samples were sawn half-core of between 0.1 and 0.2 m length. All samples were submitted to
Intertek in Perth where they were crushed to a nominal 2 mm size and then riffle split to derive a 100
g sample for ‘pulping’ then analysis by ICP-OES. All of Kore’s assay data was subject to Industry
Standard QA-QC procedure, from sampling through to analysis. Holes DX_05B and DX_06 stopped
above the Salt Member.
Mineral Resource Model and Estimate
The Mineral Resources were estimated by Kore and the MSA Group of Johannesburg (MSA), prepared
in accordance with the JORC 2012 guidelines.
The important surfaces were modelled from the drill-hole and seismic data, these being the roof of
the Salt and the roof of the HWS and TS. Seam mineralogy (sylvinite or carnallitite) and the seam
thickness was then modelled using drill-hole intersections coupled with surfaces for the top and base
of the ‘sylvinite zone’, based on the drill-hole data, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. Estimation of the
thickness of the seams and intervening rock-salt used inverse distance weighting cubed (IDW3). Within
the ‘sylvinite zone’, if the seams are present they are sylvinite. Below the ‘sylvinite zone’ the seams
are carnallitite and above it, immediately below the Salt roof the seams are leached (no KCl content).
To reflect the unconformity at the top of the Salt the seam model was ‘truncated’ by the Salt roof
surface. The lateral extent of the sylvinite was also controlled in plan-view by the ‘maximum extent of
sylvinite’ shown as a dashed pink line on Figure 4, which is a conservative limit for sylvinite
mineralization based on interpretation of seismic and drill-hole data, and also forms the boundary
with the Dougou carnallitite Deposit.
Figure 4. Top seam and Hangingwall Seam sylvinite in plan-view, and limits of the Indicated and
Inferred Mineral Resources. Figure 2 provides the cross section along the “line of section” (see
http://www.korepotash.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Maiden-Sylvinite-Mineral-Resource-at-
Dougou-Extension-AIM-images.pdf).
The potash grade (KCl %) was estimated by inverse distance weighting squared (IDW2) of composited
‘assay data’ for sylvinite intersections, into a 50 by 50 m block model.
The average bulk density of the HWS sylvinite is 2.02 g/cm3 and the TS is 2.11 g/cm3. The bulk densities
were based on grade as KCl% is directly proportional to the proportion of the minerals sylvite (density
1.99 g/ cm3) and halite (density 2.16 g/ cm3) present, and are supported by a large amount of
pycnometer and other check data.
All blocks with a height of less than 1 m were excluded from the MRE. An additional 10% reduction of
the MRE tonnage was made to account for un-modelled geological losses that may or may not affect
the deposit.
Mineral Resource Classification
The limits of Inferred and Indicated Mineral Resources are based on the support data spacing
summarised below. Seismic survey data on 1.5 to 2.4 km spaced lines is present over both the Inferred
and Indicated Mineral Resources.
• Indicated Mineral Resources limited to sylvinite within an area guided by a1.0 km radius
of the drill-holes DX_01, K62, ED_03, ED_01
• Inferred Mineral Resources limited to sylvinite within an area guided by a 2.5 km radius
of inner holes, and a 1.5 km radius beyond ‘outer’ holes, and excludes the Indicated
Mineral Resource area.
Both Inferred and Indicated ‘outlines’ were then cut by a boundary interpreted to be the maximum
extent of sylvinite.
Appendix 1 contains the JORC 2012 ‘Table 1’ Checklist for the reporting of Exploration results, Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves.
Table 2. Drill-hole collar positions for all holes within the Dougou Extension Deposit area. (UTM zone
32 S, WGS84 datum). All holes were drilled vertically.
Company BH ID East m North m Elevation m Depth m
Kore Potash ED_01 791145 9529491 55.29 525.15
Kore Potash ED_03 789849 9528941 62.94 492.15
Kore Potash DX_01 787204 9529046 54.08 551.73
Kore Potash DX_02 782841 9529280 43.10 484.38
Kore Potash DX_03 790477 9533344 55.50 421.88
Historic K52 791163 9529489 56.57 1050
Historic K62 789179 9530654 59.79 531
Table 3. All intersections of the TS and HWS within the Dougou Extension Deposit area.
True
Depth From Depth To
Drill-hole Seam Mineralogy Thickness KCl % by assay
(m) (m)
(m)
ED_01 Top Seam Sylvinite 403.98 409.14 5.16 31.8
Hangingwall Seam Sylvinite 421.93 426.40 4.47 57.7
ED_03 Top Seam halite 385.60 387.60 2.00 0.0
Hangingwall Seam Sylvinite 398.95 403.16 4.21 59.5
DX_01 Top Seam Sylvinite 428.84 437.59 8.75 27.2
Hangingwall Seam Carnallitite 449.40 462.35 12.95 24.6
DX_02 Top Seam truncated - - - -
Hangingwall Seam Sylvinite 429.40 430.43 0.93 61.6
DX_03 Top Seam Sylvinite 309.43 314.30 4.87 29.9
Hangingwall Seam Sylvinite 323.90 324.51 0.61 62.9
Hangingwall Seam Carnallitite 324.51 336.90 12.39 25.1
K52 Historic Top Seam Sylvinite 406.15 411.02 4.87 31.9
potash hole
(twinned by 423.55 427.16 3.61 57.5
ED_01) Hangingwall Seam Sylvinite
K62 Historic Top Seam Carnallitite 440.41 449.10 8.69 19.1
potash hole Hangingwall Seam Carnallitite 455.42 461.98 6.56 24.3
Table 4. Kore’s Potash Mineral Resources, provided as Gross and Net Attributable (to Kore’s 97%
holding)
KOLA SYLVINITE DEPOSIT
Gross Net Attributable
Contained Contained
Mineral Resource Million Grade KCl Million Grade
KCl million KCl million
Category Tonnes % Tonnes KCl %
tonnes tonnes
Measured 216 34.9 75 209 34.9 73
Indicated 292 35.7 104 283 35.7 101
Sub-Total Measured
508 35.4 180 492 35.4 174
+ Indicated
Inferred 340 34.0 116 330 34.0 112
TOTAL 848 34.8 295 822 34.8 286
DOUGOU EXTENSION SYLVINITE DEPOSIT
Gross Net Attributable
Contained Contained
Mineral Resource Million Grade KCl Million Grade
KCl million KCl million
Category Tonnes % Tonnes KCl %
tonnes tonnes
Measured - - - - - -
Indicated 111 37.2 41 108 37.2 40
Sub-Total Measured
111 37.2 41 108 37.2 40
+ Indicated
Inferred 121 38.9 47 117 38.9 46
TOTAL 232 38.1 88 225 38.1 85
TOTAL SYLVINITE, KOLA & DOUGOU EXTENSION DEPOSITS COMBINED
Measured + Indicated
1,080 35.5 384 1,048 35.5 372
+ Inferred
DOUGOU CARNALLITE DEPOSIT
Gross Net Attributable
Contained Contained
Mineral Resource Million Grade KCl Million Grade
KCl million KCl million
Category Tonnes % Tonnes KCl %
tonnes tonnes
Measured 148 20.1 30 144 20.1 29
Indicated 920 20.7 190 892 20.7 185
Sub-Total Measured
1,068 20.6 220 1,036 20.6 214
+ Indicated
Inferred 1,988 20.8 414 1,928 20.8 401
TOTAL 3,056 20.7 634 2,964 20.7 615
KOLA CARNALLITITE DEPOSIT
Gross Net Attributable
Contained Contained
Mineral Resource Million Grade KCl Million Grade
KCl million KCl million
Category Tonnes % Tonnes KCl %
tonnes tonnes
Measured 341 17.4 59 331 17.4 58
Indicated 441 18.7 83 428 18.7 80
Sub-Total
783 18.1 142 760 18.1 138
Measured + Indicated
Inferred 1,266 18.7 236 1,228 18.7 229
TOTAL 2,049 18.5 378 1,988 18.5 367
Notes:
• The Mineral Resource Estimates are reported in accordance with the JORC code 2012 edition.
• Table entries are rounded to the appropriate significant figure.
• The Kola Mineral Resource Estimate was reported on the 6 July 2017. The Competent Person (CP) is Garth
Kirkham of Met-Chem division of DRA Americas Inc., a subsidiary of the DRA Group. It was reported using a
cut-off grade (CoG) of 10% KCl.
• The Dougou Extension Mineral Resource Estimate was reported on 20 August 2018; the CP is Mr. Andrew
Pedley of Kore Potash. The Dougou Extension MRE is reported using a CoG of 15% KCl.
• The Dougou Mineral Resource Estimate was reported on the 9 February 2015; the Competent Persons are Dr.
Sebastiaan van der Klauw and Ms. Jana Neubert of ERCOSPLAN Ingenieurgesellschaft Geotechnik und Bergbau
mbH (“ERCOSPLAN“).
• The form and context of the Competent Person’s findings as presented in this document have not materially
changed since the resource was first reported.
Competent Person Statement
All information in this report that relates to the Mineral Resource Estimate for the Dougou Extension
Deposit is based on information compiled by Mr. Andrew Pedley, the Chief Geologist for Kore Potash
and a full time employee of the Company. Mr Pedley is a registered scientist (Pr. Sci. Nat) with the
South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (reg No. 400311/13) and is a member of the
Geological Society of South Africa. Mr. Pedley has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of
mineralisation and type of Deposit under consideration and to the activity he is undertaking to qualify
as a Competent Person, as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of
Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves” (the JORC Code). Mr. Pedley consents to
the inclusion in this report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which
it appears.
Forward-Looking Statements
This release contains statements that are "forward-looking". Generally, the words "expect,"
“potential”, "intend," "estimate," "will" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.
By their very nature and whilst there is a reasonable basis for making such statements regarding the
proposed placement described herein; forward-looking statements are subject to known and
unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, to
differ materially from those expressed or implied in any of our forward-looking statements, which are
not guarantees of future performance. Statements in this release regarding the Company's business
or proposed business, which are not historical facts, are "forward looking" statements that involve
risks and uncertainties, such as Mineral Resource estimates and statements that describe the
Company's future plans, objectives or goals, including words to the effect that the Company or
management expects a stated condition or result to occur. Since forward-looking statements address
future events and conditions, by their very nature, they involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual
results in each case could differ materially from those currently anticipated in such statements.
Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only
as of the date they are made.
ENDS
For further information, please visit www.korepotash.com or contact:
Kore Potash Tel: +27 11 469 9140
Brad Sampson – CEO
Tavistock Communications Tel: +44 (0) 20 7920 3150
Jos Simson
Edward Lee
Canaccord Genuity – Nomad and Broker Tel: +44 (0) 20 7523 4600
Martin Davison
James Asensio
Fivemark Partners Tel: +61 422 602 720
Michael Vaughan
www.korepotash.com
About Kore Potash’s Projects
Kore Potash (ASX: KP2) is an advanced stage mineral exploration and development company whose
primary asset is 97%-owned interest in the Sintoukola project, a potash project located in the Republic
of Congo. The Sintoukola project comprises the Kola sylvinite Deposit, Dougou Extension sylvinite
Deposit and the Dougou carnallitite Deposit. These deposits are within the Kola and Dougou Mining
Permits.
These projects are located approximately 80 km to the north of the city of Pointe Noire which has a
major port facility, and within 30 km of the Atlantic coast. The Projects have the potential to be among
the world’s lowest-cost potash producers and their location near the coast offers a transport cost
advantage to global fertilizer markets.
The Kola sylvinite Deposit has a Measured and Indicated sylvinite Mineral Resource Estimate of 508
Mt grading 35.4 % KCl. The deposit is ‘open’ laterally; future exploration, if carried out may support
further increase in the extent of the deposit. A Definitive Feasibility Study (“DFS”) which is underway,
being conducted by a consortium of world class engineering and construction companies consisting
of Technip France, Vinci Construction Grands Projets, Egis International and Louis Dreyfus Armateurs
SAS (the “French Consortium” or the “FC”). The DFS contract was signed on 28 February 2017 and the
study will be presented to Kore for review in September 2018.
The Dougou Extension sylvinite Deposit contains a total sylvinite Mineral Resource Estimate of 232 Mt
grading 38.1% KCl (as reported herein), hosted by two seams. The resource includes 67 Mt grading
60.1 Mt. Dougou Extension is located 15 km southwest of Kola. The deposit is ‘open’ to the north;
future exploration, if carried out may support an increase in the size of the deposit.
The Dougou carnallite Deposit, immediately east of Dougou Extension, is very large, having a
Measured and Indicated Potash Mineral Resource of 1.1 billion tonnes grading 20.6% KCl (at a depth
of between 400 and 600 metres) hosted by 35-40 metres of carnallitite within 4 flat-lying seams. A
Scoping Study was completed by ERCOSPLAN of Germany in February 2015. This Study indicated that
a low capital cost, low operating cost (Life of Mine operating cost of US$68 per tonne MoP), and quick
to production carnallite solution mine could be established at Dougou, taking advantage of the
Deposit quality and availability of low cost energy in the RoC.
APPENDIX 1. JORC 2012 Table 1
Abbreviations used:
o DX: Dougou Extension
o MRE: Mineral Resource Estimate
o TS: Top Seam
o HWS: Hangingwall Seam
Section 1 - Sampling Techniques and Data
JORC Criteria JORC Explanation Commentary
1.1 SAMPLING • Nature and quality of sampling (eg • Sampling of Kore’s holes was carried
TECHNIQUES cut channels, random chips, or out according to a standard
specific specialised industry standard operating procedure (SOP)
measurement tools appropriate to beginning at the drill rig. Diligent
the minerals under investigation, implementation of the SOP is
such as down hole gamma sondes, or monitored internally, and has been
handheld XRF instruments, etc). reviewed by external parties. Holes
These examples should not be taken were drilled to either PQ or HQ size
as limiting the broad meaning of (85 or 65 mm core diameter).
sampling. • Sample intervals were between 0.1
• Include reference to measures taken and 2.0 metres and sampled to
to ensure sample representivity and lithological boundaries. All were
the appropriate calibration of any sampled as half-core and cut using
measurement tools or systems used. an Almonte© core cutter without
• Aspects of the determination of water, with the blade and core
mineralisation that are Material to holder cleaned down between
the Public Report. In cases where samples. Samples were individually
‘industry standard’ work has been bagged and sealed.
done this would be relatively simple • In all cases, core was cut along a
(eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was ‘centre-line’ marked such that both
used to obtain 1 m samples from halves are as close to identical as
which 3 kg was pulverised to produce possible, most relevant where layers
a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other are gently dipping.
cases more explanation may be • At the laboratory samples were
required, such as where there is crushed to nominal 2 mm then riffle
coarse gold that has inherent split to derive a 100 g sample for
sampling problems. Unusual analysis.
commodities or mineralisation types • Historical holes were drilled by
(eg submarine nodules) may warrant Mines de Potasse d’ Alsace S.A
disclosure of detailed information. (MDPA) during the late 1960’s and
early 1970’s. There is no description
of the sampling methodology for
these holes. K52 was the only
historical hole used in the estimate
of grade for the DX MRE and was
twinned by Kore’s hole ED_01 (20 m
away) to validate the historic grade
and geology data.
• Further discussion on sampling
representivity is provided in section
1.5.
1.2. DRILLING • Drill type (eg core, reverse • Holes were drilled in two stages.
TECHNIQUES circulation, open-hole hammer, Rotary Percussion (12 then 8 inch or
rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, similar diameter) through the 'cover
etc) and details (eg core diameter, sequence', stopping in the Anhydrite
triple or standard tube, depth of Member and cased and grouted to
diamond tails, face-sampling bit or this depth. Holes were then
other type, whether core is oriented advanced using diamond coring with
and if so, by what method, etc). the use of tri-salt (K, Na, Mg) mud to
ensure acceptable recovery (over
95%). Coring was HQ (65 mm core
diameter) or PQ (85 mm core
diameter). All holes were drilled
vertically.
1.3. DRILL SAMPLE • Method of recording and assessing • Core recovery was recorded for all
RECOVERY core and chip sample recoveries and cored sections of Kore Potash’s
results assessed. holes by recording the drilling
• Measures taken to maximise sample advance against the length of core
recovery and ensure representative recovered. Recovery is between 95
nature of the samples. and 100% for the evaporite and all
• Whether a relationship exists potash intervals. A fulltime mud
between sample recovery and grade engineer was recruited to maintain
and whether sample bias may have drilling mud chemistry and physical
occurred due to preferential properties. Mud properties are
loss/gain of fine/coarse material. recorded in drilling reports for each
hole.
• Core is wrapped in cellophane sheet
soon after it is removed from the
core barrel, to avoid dissolution in
the atmosphere, and is then
transported at the end of each shift
to a de-humidified core storage
room where it is stored
permanently.
• Recovery data is not available for all
historic boreholes. Those that are
available report >95%. K52 is the
only historical hole used in the grade
estimate and was twinned by ED_01
(20 m away; the results of which
strongly support the reliability of the
K52 assay data.
• Reflecting the good core recovery
there are no concerns relating to
bias due to selection recovery/loss.
The twin-hole data indicates that
this is also applicable to K52.
1.4. LOGGING • Whether core and chip samples have • The entire length of Kore’s holes
been geologically and geotechnically were logged geologically, from
logged to a level of detail to support rotary chips in the ‘cover sequence’
appropriate Mineral Resource and from the core in the evaporite,
estimation, mining studies and according to an SOP and using a set
metallurgical studies. format. Logging is qualitative and
• Whether logging is qualitative or supported by quantitative downhole
quantitative in nature. Core (or geophysical data including gamma,
costean, channel, etc.) photography. acoustic televiewer images, which
• The total length and percentage of provides an additional check on
the relevant intersections logged. conventional core logging due to the
clear gamma response of the potash
layers; the gamma data also clearly
identifies sylvinite from carnallitite.
• Both potash types are easily
identified in core; sylvinite is
typically reddish or pinkish in colour
and medium grained. Carnallitite is
coarser grained, greasy and orange
in colour.
• Due to the conformable nature of
the evaporite stratigraphy and the
observed continuity and abrupt
nature of contacts, recognition of
the potash seams can be made with
a high degree of confidence. Core
was photographed to provide an
additional reference and record.
• High quality geological logs were
available for historic potash
exploration holes used in the model,
based on cored holes. The
Company’s twinning of K52 provided
confirmation of the reliability of
these historic logs. For historic oil
well Yangala-1 the original
geological logging was based on
rotary cuttings and so is less
detailed. The positions of the seams
in these holes was interpreted by
Kore.
1.5 SUB-SAMPLING • If core, whether cut or sawn and • Kore’s samples were sawn as
TECHNIQUES AND whether quarter, half or all core described above, into two halves.
SAMPLE taken. One half was retained at site as a
PREPARATION • If non-core, whether riffled, tube record, and one half sent in a batch
sampled, rotary split, etc and of samples to the laboratory,
whether sampled wet or dry. Intertek of Perth.
• For all sample types, the nature, • Care was taken to orient the core
quality and appropriateness of the before cutting so that the retained
sample preparation technique. and submitted halves are as similar
• Quality control procedures adopted as possible. For at least 1 in 20
for all sub-sampling stages to samples both halves were
maximise representivity of samples. submitted, as two separate samples
– an original and (field) duplicate
• Measures taken to ensure that the sample. The results of the duplicate
sampling is representative of the in analyses indicate no observable bias.
situ material collected, including for • The field duplicates and the
instance results for field laboratory duplicate data supports
duplicate/second-half sampling. that the sample size and the sub-
• Whether sample sizes are sampling procedures are
appropriate to the grain size of the appropriate. This is partially a
material being sampled. reflection of the massive layered
nature of the mineralisation, with
layering that is generally close to
perpendicular to the core axis.
1.6 QUALITY OF • The nature, quality and • All analyses were carried out at
ASSAY DATA AND appropriateness of the assaying and Intertek in Perth. At the laboratory,
LABORATORY laboratory procedures used and samples were crushed to nominal 2
TESTS whether the technique is considered mm then riffle split to derive a 100 g
partial or total. sample for analysis. K, Na, Ca, Mg. S
• For geophysical tools, spectrometers, were determined by ICP-OES. Cl is
handheld XRF instruments, etc, the determined volumetrically.
parameters used in determining the Insolubles (INSOL) were determined
analysis including instrument make by filtration of the residual solution
and model, reading times, and slurry on 0.45 micron
calibrations factors applied and their membrane filter, washing to remove
derivation, etc. residual salts, drying and weighing.
• Nature of quality control procedures Loss on drying by Gravimetric
adopted (eg standards, blanks, Determination (LOD/GR) was also
duplicates, external laboratory completed as a check on the mass
checks) and whether acceptable balance.
levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) • A full QA-QC programme of
and precision have been established. insertion of blanks, duplicates and
standards to assess repeatability of
the sampling procedure and the
precision and accuracy of the
laboratory preparation and analyses.
QA-QC data has been assessed and
is found acceptable. QA-QC samples
make up 17% of the total number of
samples submitted which is in line
with industry norms. Sample chain
of custody was secure from point of
sampling to point of reporting
• In addition to Kore’s drill-holes one
historical hole K52 was used for the
grade estimation. This hole was
‘twinned’ by Kore’s hole ED_01
which strongly supports the K52
data reliability. Assay data for other
historic hole within the deposit area,
K62 was not used in the grade
estimation, both the TS and HWS
being of carnallitite (and hence not
within the sylvinite wireframe.
1.7. VERIFICATION • The verification of significant • Sampling data is captured into MS
OF SAMPLING AND intersections by either independent Excel then imported along with
ASSAYING or alternative company personnel. assay data into a customised MS
• The use of twinned holes. Access database. On import, checks
• Documentation of primary data, data on data are made for errors such as
entry procedures, data verification, overlapping intervals, gaps,
data storage (physical and electronic) duplicate intervals.
protocols. • The support data for the grade and
• Discuss any adjustment to assay thickness of the mineralised
data. intervals used for the MRE was
repeatedly checked. Assay data was
also plotted against gamma data,
which provides an additional check
of the depth of the seams and their
thickness and a secondary check on
the grade as the total gamma-ray
count, when converted to API units
is directly proportional to potassium
content, if the correct corrections
for hole diameter, mud density and
are made.
• All drill-hole data is stored in the
Company’s MS Access database
• As stated, K52 was the only historic
hole for which assay data was used
in the MRE. To validate the data, this
historic hole was twinned by ED_01,
which confirmed the accuracy of the
K52 data.
1.8. LOCATION OF • Accuracy and quality of surveys used • Within the DX deposit area, drill-
DATA POINTS to locate drill holes (collar and down- hole collars for ED_01, ED_03,
hole surveys), trenches, mine DX_01, K62 were surveyed by a
workings and other locations used in professional surveyor using a DGPS,
Mineral Resource estimation. and expected to be accurate to
• Specification of the grid system used. within 100 mm in X, Y and Z. DX_02
• Quality and adequacy of topographic and DX_03 were surveyed using a
control. handheld GPS and elevation control
from a SRTM DTM data, and are
likely to be accurate to within 5-8 m
laterally and vertically. Variation of
this amount is not considered to
impact on the Mineral Resource
Estimate due to the large scale and
fact that the model is ‘hung’ from
the roof of salt, but only holes
surveyed by DGPS were used in the
Indicated MRE area.
• The drill-hole positions are given in
UTM zone 32 S using WGS 84 datum
(Table 2 of the announcement).
• Topographic elevation is from SRTM
90 satellite data, though of relatively
low resolution, it is sufficient at this
stage, as the deposit is an
underground mining project.
1.9. DATA SPACING • Data spacing for reporting of • Figure 4 of the announcement
AND DISTRIBUTION Exploration Results. shows the location of the drill-holes.
• Whether the data spacing and Those influencing the MRE are
distribution is sufficient to establish spaced between 1.4 and 4 km apart.
the degree of geological and grade • Between drill-holes, oil-industry
continuity appropriate for the seismic data was important in
Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve modelling the geometry of key
estimation procedure(s) and surfaces between holes. Seismic
classifications applied. lines are between1.5 and 2.4 km
• Whether sample compositing has apart and extend across all parts of
been applied. the deposit in different orientations,
as shown in figure 4 of the
announcement.
• Owing to the continuity of the
depositional setting of the seam
contacts and other surfaces can be
easily correlated hole-to-hole. The
change from sylvinite to carnallitite
is obvious in drill-holes. Between
drill-holes, on seismic data the
general geometry of the evaporite
layering is discernable, along with
the reflector at the top of the Salt.
The change from sylvinite to
carnallitite is not visible. As
described in Section 3.5, a method
of modelling of this contact between
holes was developed, based on the
geological controls on sylvinite.
• The CP has sufficient confidence that
the data spacing and the methods
used in the modelling are sufficient
to support grade and geological
continuity that is consistent with the
classification applied.
1.10. ORIENTATION • Whether the orientation of sampling • The potash layers are massive and of
OF DATA IN achieves unbiased sampling of relatively uniform grade distribution,
RELATION TO possible structures and the extent to being controlled by the original
GEOLOGICAL which this is known, considering the horizontally layered sedimentary
STRUCTURE deposit type. deposition of the potash mineral
• If the relationship between the carnallite.
drilling orientation and the • Intersections have a sufficiently low
orientation of key mineralised angle of dip, and drill-holes are
structures is considered to have vertically drilled; a correction of
introduced a sampling bias, this thickness for apparent thickness is
should be assessed and reported if not warranted for the MRE. The
material. intersected thickness is taken as the
true thickness.
1.11. SAMPLE • The measures taken to ensure • The chain of custody of samples is
SECURITY sample security. secure. At the rig, the core is under
full-time supervision of Company
geologists, working around the
clock. At the end of each drilling
shift, the core is transported by Kore
Potash staff to a secure site where it
is stored in a locked room.
• Sampling and packing of samples is
carried out under the observation of
Company staff; packed samples are
transported directly from the site by
Company staff to DHL couriers in
Pointe Noire 3 hours away. From
here DHL airfreight all samples to
the laboratory in Perth.
1.12. AUDITS OR • The results of any audits or reviews • Kore’s sampling standard operating
REVIEWS of sampling techniques and data. procedures for logging and sampling
have been audited on several
occasions by external parties, for the
completion of the MRE for the Kola
and Dougou Deposits.
• The supporting data has been
thoroughly checked by the CP,
including inspection of all logging
sheets and laboratory analysis
certificates, and all other data
supporting the MRE. Data has not
been specifically reviewed by any
external parties.
• The MSA Group carried out standard
drill-hole database validations when
importing the data into Datamine
software for the MRE.
Section 2 - Reporting of Exploration Results
JORC Criteria JORC Explanation Commentary
2.1 MINERAL • Type, reference name/number, • The Dougou Extension Deposit is
TENEMENT AND location and ownership including entirely within the Dougou Mining
LAND TENURE agreements or material issues with Permit (issued on the 9th May 2017
STATUS third parties such as joint ventures, under decree No. 2017-139) which is
partnerships, overriding royalties, held 100% by the local company
native title interests, historical sites, Dougou Mining SARL which is in turn
wilderness or national park and held 100% by Sintoukola Potash SA
environmental settings. RoC, which Kore Potash holds a 97%
• The security of the tenure held at the share.
time of reporting along with any • There are no impediments on the
known impediments to obtaining a security of tenure.
license to operate in the area.
2.2 EXPLORATION • Acknowledgment and appraisal of • Potash exploration was carried out
DONE BY OTHER exploration by other parties. in the area in the1960's by Mines de
PARTIES Potasse d’ Alsace S.A. Holes K52 and
K62 are within the Deposit area
(intersections summarised in Table 3
of the announcement). High quality
geological logs are available for
these holes. Hole K52 intersected
Sylvinite HWS and was the initial
reason for Kore’s interest in the
area, beginning with the twin-hole
drilling of K52 in 2012 by ED_01.
• Oil exploration well Yangala-1
(outside of the DX deposit) was
drilled in 1961 by Societe des
Petrole d’Afrique Equatoriale
(SPAFE).
• 2D Seismic data was acquired by oil
exploration companies British
Petroleum Congo and Chevron
during the 1980’s and by Morel et
Prom in 2006. The Company
acquired SEG-Y files for these
surveys and this data has guided the
exploration and deposit modelling at
Dougou Extension.
2.3. GEOLOGY • The potash seams are hosted by the
400-500 m thick Loeme Evaporite
formation, comprised of
sedimentary evaporite rocks with
minor clastic layers. These rocks are
within the Congo Basin which
extends from the Cabinda enclave of
Angola to southern Gabon, from
approximately 50 km inland,
extending some 200-300 km
offshore. The evaporites were
deposited during the Aptian epoch
of the Lower Cretaceous, probably
between 125 and 112 million years
ago, within a sub-sea level basin
following the break-up of Gondwana
into the African and South American
continents. Importantly, the
sedimentation was in a post-rift
setting leading to the development
of evaporite layers with significant
continuity.
• In terms of classification
nomenclature, the evaporite is of
the basin-wide ‘mega-halite’ type,
formed by the cyclic evaporation of
sea-water sourced, seepage-fed
brines in an extensive subsiding
basin, each cycle generally following
the expected brine evolution and
resultant mineral precipitation
model: dolomite then gypsum then
halite then the bitterns of Mg and K
as chlorides (as opposed to
sulphates). To precipitate the thick
potash beds the system experienced
prolonged periods within relatively
narrow a range of high salinity.
• Reflecting the chloride-Mg-K
dominated brine composition, halite
(NaCl), carnallite (KMgCl3·6H2O) and
bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O) account for
over 90% of the evaporite rocks.
Sylvinite is only found close to the
top of the Salt. Carnallitite is a rock
comprised predominantly of
carnallite and halite. Sylvinite is a
rock comprised predominantly of
sylvite (KCl) and halite. The term
‘rock-salt’ is used to refer to a rock
comprising of halite without
appreciable other
minerals/materials.
• Importantly, bischofite does not
occur in the floor or roof of the HWS
and TS, in fact the nearest is over
130 m below these seams.
• The Salt was deposited in a cyclic
manner; 11 cycles have been
recognised, of which most are
preserved at Dougou Extension, the
important ‘Top Seam’ (TS) and
‘Hangingwall Seam’ (HWS) potash
seams are within the mid to upper
part of cycle 9.
• All layers in the Salt member have
good continuity and the thickness of
the interval between them is
consistent. Even narrow mm-scale
layers or sub-layers can be
correlated many km. In most holes
all potash layers are present and
have a low angle of dip (<15
degrees).
• Where sylvinite, the TS and HWS
have an average thickness of 5.2 and
3.6 metres respectively. The HWS is
relatively high grade being
comprised of a single massive bed of
approximately 60% sylvite. The TS is
made up of a number of narrow
high grade sylvinite layers
interbedded with rock-salt and so
has a lower overall grade than the
HWS.
• Similar to the Company’s Kola
Deposit, at Dougou Extension the
evaporite stratigraphy is slightly
elevated and slightly thinned
relating to the presence of a horst
block forming a paleo-topographic
high in the underlying pre and syn-
rift rocks referred to as the ‘Yangala
High’.
• Capping the salt dominated part
(Salt Member or ‘Salt’) is low
permeability layer of anhydrite,
gypsum and clay (the Anhydrite
Member) between 10 and 16 m
thick over the deposit. It is at a
depth of between 290 and
approximately 520 m at DX.
Importantly, the contact between
the Anhydrite Member and the
underlying salt is an unconformity.
Reflecting this, and that the layers of
the Salt are gently undulating, in
some areas there is a greater
thickness of Salt above the seams
than in others, or the seams may be
‘truncated’ (illustrated in Fig. 2 and 3
of the announcement).
• The Anhydrite Member is covered
by a thick ‘cover sequence’ of
carbonate rocks and clastic
sediments (Fig. 2 of the
announcement) of Cretaceous age
(Albian) to recent.
• The potash seams were originally
deposited as carnallitite but have
been replaced in some areas by
sylvinite, by a process of non-
destructive leaching of Mg, OH and
some NaCl from carnallite,
converting it to sylvite. This process
has taken place preferentially over
the Yangala High, initiating at the
top of the Salt Member and typically
not advancing further than 40 m
below this contact, but rarely as
much as 80 m (as in drill-hole
ED_01). The thickness of the Salt
above the seams is the principal
control on the whether the seam is
sylvinite or carnallitite, and thus the
extent of the sylvinite Mineral
Resources. The process advanced on
a downward moving ‘front’ and was
very efficient; when converted no
residual carnallite remains within
the sylvinite. Un-replaced
carnallitite may occur below the
sylvinite (never above it) but the
contact is always abrupt and easily
identified in core. As a general rule,
the conversion leads to a halving of
thickness and a doubling of grade.
• Very close to the roof of the Salt the
sylvinite may be further ‘leached’,
leaving reddish coloured halite with
no or residual KCl, referred to as
‘ghost seams’ but still identifiable, as
is the case for the TS in ED_03..
2.4. DRILL HOLE • A summary of all information • The borehole collar positions of the
INFORMATION material to the understanding of the holes are provided in Table 2 of the
exploration results including a announcement, along with the final
tabulation of the following depth. Holes were drilled vertically
information for all Material drill and no significant deviation was
holes: reported in drill-hole downhole
• easting and northing of the surveys.
drill hole collar • Positions of the holes in relation to
• elevation or RL (Reduced other holes are shown in Figure 4 of
Level – elevation above sea the announcement. All drill-holes
level in metres) of the drill are shown on the map and the
hole collar potash intersections (or absence of)
• dip and azimuth of the hole for all holes within the deposit area,
• down hole length and including historic holes, are listed in
interception depth Table 3 of the announcement. No
• hole length. information is excluded.
• If the exclusion of this information is
justified on the basis that the
information is not Material and this
exclusion does not detract from the
understanding of the report, the
Competent Person should clearly
explain why this is the case.
2.5 DATA • In reporting Exploration Results, • For the calculation of the grade over
AGGREGATION weighting averaging techniques, the full thickness of the seams, the
METHODS maximum and/or minimum grade standard ‘length-weighted’
truncations (e.g. cutting of high compositing method was used to
grades) and cut-off grades are combine individual results within
usually Material and should be each seam intersection.
stated. • No selective cutting of high or low
• Where aggregate intercepts grade material was carried out as is
incorporate short lengths of high not justified given massive nature of
grade results and longer lengths of the potash mineralization and
low grade results, the procedure absence of localised high/low grade
used for such aggregation should be areas.
stated and some typical examples of • For the TS some of the sub-seams
such aggregations should be shown making up the seam are relatively
in detail. narrow but the composite intervals
• The assumptions used for any selected do not include unjustifiably
reporting of metal equivalent values thick intervals of low grade material.
should be clearly stated. • No metal equivalents were
calculated.
2.6 RELATIONSHIP • These relationships are particularly • Core and acoustic televiewer images
BETWEEN important in the reporting of provide a reliable measurement of
MINERALISATION Exploration Results. dip (and the latter provides
WIDTHS AND azimuth). Seams have sufficiently
low degree of dip, and drill-holes are
INTERCEPT • If the geometry of the mineralisation vertical so correction of thickness
LENGTHS with respect to the drill hole angle is for apparent thickness is not
known, its nature should be reported. warranted.
• If it is not known and only the down
hole lengths are reported, there
should be a clear statement to this
effect (eg ‘down hole length, true
width not known’).
2.7 DIAGRAMS • Appropriate maps and sections (with • Relevant diagrams are provided in
scales) and tabulations of intercepts the announcement including a map
should be included for any significant showing the extent of sylvinite of
discovery being reported These the TS and HWS, and a
should include, but not be limited to representative cross-section.
a plan view of drill hole collar
locations and appropriate sectional
views.
2.8 BALANCED • Where comprehensive reporting of • All relevant exploration data is
REPORTING all Exploration Results is not reported. All intersections including
practicable, representative reporting carnallitite and leached seams
of both low and high grades and/or within the deposit area are provided
widths should be practiced to avoid in Table 3 of the announcement.
misleading reporting of Exploration
Results.
2.9 OTHER • Other exploration data, if meaningful • Though process or geotechnical test-
SUBSTANTIVE and material, should be reported work has not been carried out on
EXPLORATION including (but not limited to): the DX sylvinite, based on
DATA geological observations; geophysical observations of the core, it is similar
survey results; geochemical survey in mineral composition, texture and
results; bulk samples – size and grain size as the sylvinite at Kola for
method of treatment; metallurgical which testing has been completed,
test results; bulk density, for the Kola Pre-Feasibility and
groundwater, geotechnical and rock Definitive Feasibility Studies. The
characteristics; potential deleterious HWS hosts part if the Indicated MRE
or contaminating substances. at Kola.
• The Anhydrite Member at DX
appears to be of relatively uniform
thickness which would be positive in
terms of hydrogeology, as this unit is
a very effective aquitard, separating
the Salt from potential aquifers in
the ‘Cover Rocks’.
• Holes DX_05B and DX_06 were
stopped above the Salt due to
drilling difficulties relating to loss of
drilling fluid.
2.10 FURTHER • The nature and scale of planned • No further exploration work is
WORK further work (eg tests for lateral planned at present.
extensions or depth extensions or • If further work is carried out, this
large-scale step-out drilling). may be aimed at expanding the
• Diagrams clearly highlighting the deposit, by carrying out additional
areas of possible extensions, drilling, initially in the vicinity of
including the main geological ‘failed holes’ DX_05B and DX_06
interpretations and future drilling (Figure 4 of the announcement)
areas, provided this information is • Additional holes between DX_01
not commercially sensitive. and DX_02 may support conversion
of Inferred Mineral Resources in
that area to Indicated.
• It may be helpful to carry out some
new seismic surveying ahead of
drilling, to better guide the latter.
• DGPS surveys for the collars for
DX_02, DX_03 and other holes not
yet surveyed is important for holes
that may support possible future
expansions of the Indicated MRE
area.
• Mineralogical work is
recommended, to further support
the similarity of the DX sylvinite with
that of the Kola deposit. If studies
are carried out, the work
programme should include
geotechnical, hydrogeological and
process characterisation and test
work.
Section 3 – Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
JORC Criteria JORC Explanation Commentary
3.1. DATABASE • Measures taken to ensure that data • Geological data is recorded in
INTEGRITY has not been corrupted by, for hardcopy then captured digitally.
example, transcription or keying During import into Micromine©
errors, between its initial collection software, an error file is generated
and its use for Mineral Resource identifying any overlapping
estimation purposes. intervals, gaps and other forms of
• Data validation procedures used. error. The data is then compared
visually in the form of strip logs
against geophysical data.
• Laboratory data was imported from
csv files into an Access database,
where sorting of ‘original’ and QA-
QC samples was carried out, and for
checking for errors as part of the
import process. Original laboratory
result certificates are kept in pdf
format.
• For the MRE a ‘stratigraphic file’ was
generated, as synthesis of key
geological units including the seam
contacts and the roof of the Salt,
based on geological, geophysical
and assay data.
• The grade, depth and thickness data
for all mineralised intervals and
other important surfaces used in the
MRE were repeatedly checked to
ensure no errors were present.
3.2. SITE VISITS • Comment on any site visits • The CP, has visited the site on
undertaken by the Competent Person numerous occasions between 2012
and the outcome of those visits. and present, to set-up and monitor
• If no site visits have been undertaken exploration procedures, and to
indicate why this is the case. develop a geological understanding
of the deposit and the controls on
sylvinite mineralisation.
3.3. GEOLOGICAL • Confidence in (or conversely, the • Recognition and correlation of
INTERPRETATION uncertainty of) the geological potash and other important layers
interpretation of the mineral deposit. or contacts in and between drill-
• Nature of the data used and of any holes is straightforward and did not
assumptions made. require assumptions to be made;
• The effect, if any, of alternative each being distinct when thickness,
interpretations on Mineral Resource grade distribution, and stratigraphic
estimation. position relative to other layers is
• The use of geology in guiding and considered. Correlation is further
controlling Mineral Resource aided by the use of downhole
estimation. geophysical data. The abrupt nature
• The factors affecting continuity both of the contacts between rock-salt,
of grade and geology. carnallitite and sylvinite aids the
confident ‘picking’ of seams.
• Between drill-holes there is reliance
on seismic data to guide the
geometry of the seams, which in
turn influences the extent of
sylvinite. Some uncertainty is
inherent in seismic interpretation,
especially further away from control
points (drill-holes); this is reflected
in the allocation of the Indicated or
Inferred categories.
• The addition of more seismic and
drill-hole data may result in a
change to the model and estimate in
the Inferred area, but it is unlikely
that change would be severe, with a
similar chance of an updated model
resulting in a larger or smaller
tonnage.
• The geological model for the
formation of sylvinite at DX is
summarised in section 2.3. It is well
understood. This geological model
was applied in the creation of the
model for the MRE, as described in
3.5.
• Where sylvinite, the grade and other
attributes of each seam is relatively
consistent. The factors affecting
continuity are as follows:
o Where the seams are truncated at
the unconformity at the top of the
Salt Member the seams are
absent (as illustrated in Fig. 2 of
the announcement)
o Beyond the replacement ‘front’
the sylvinite stops and carnallitite
is found. This is an abrupt change
affecting the continuity. (as
illustrated in Fig. 2 of the
announcement)
o Close to the roof of the Salt, the
sylvinite may be ‘leached’ and is
barren. This was excluded from
the model.
• No faults have been interpreted
within the Salt, within the deposit
area.
3.4 DIMENSIONS • The extent and variability of the • The DX deposit extent covers an
Mineral Resource expressed as area of approximately 4 by 10 km
length (along strike or otherwise), (Fig. 4 of the announcement). The TS
plan width, and depth below surface and HWS are found at a depth of
to the upper and lower limits of the approximately 310 to 490 m below
Mineral Resource. surface. Dip of the seams is low,
rarely greater than 5 degrees.
• Within this area the sylvinite is not
continuous; there are large internal
areas where the seams are
carnallitite, generally in areas
where, due to gentle undulation, the
seams are a greater distance from
the top of the Salt Member.
• The thickness of the sylvinite is
relatively consistent, averaging 5.2
m for the TS and 3.6 m for the HWS.
3.5 ESTIMATION • The nature and appropriateness of • All drill-holes within and
AND MODELLING the estimation technique(s) applied surrounding the deposit were used
TECHNIQUES and key assumptions, including for the construction of the model
treatment of extreme grade values, (Figure 4 of the announcement).
domaining, interpolation parameters Even if not sylvinite, the holes
and maximum distance of around the deposit contain the
extrapolation from data points. If a same seams (TS and HWS) and the
computer assisted estimation ‘roof of Salt’ and are therefore
method was chosen include a useful in guiding the contacts and
description of computer software surfaces at the margins and beyond
and parameters used. the deposit extent.
• The availability of check estimates, • The seismic data was imported in
previous estimates and/or mine SEG-Y format into Micromine™ 2013
production records and whether the software and viewed in section and
Mineral Resource estimate takes in 3D. A velocity of between 3900
appropriate account of such data. and 4200 m/s was used to depth
• The assumptions made regarding adjust the seismic data, ‘hanging’ it
recovery of by-products. from the top of the Salt Member, an
• Estimation of deleterious elements or obvious reflector that can be ‘tied’
other non-grade variables of to the same contact in drill-hole
economic significance (eg sulphur for data.
acid mine drainage characterisation). • The ‘roof of Salt’ and the ‘roof of
• In the case of block model HWS’ surfaces were modelled as
interpolation, the block size in ‘strings’ by Kore (in Micromine
relation to the average sample 2013). Between holes the seismic
spacing and the search employed. data was used to model the ‘roof of
• Any assumptions behind modelling of the HWS’ and the’ roof of Salt’. MSA
selective mining units. imported these into Leapfrog Geo to
• Any assumptions about correlation create surfaces. Then (in Datamine
between variables. Studio 3) using the surface for the
• Description of how the geological ‘roof of HWS’ as a reference horizon,
interpretation was used to control the floor of the HWS then the floor
the resource estimates. and roof of the TS were created, by
• Discussion of basis for using or not ‘gridding’ using Inverse Distance
using grade cutting or capping. Weighting cubed (IDW3) of the
• The process of validation, the thickness (as intersected in the drill-
checking process used, the holes) of the interval between these
comparison of model data to drill surfaces from the ‘roof of HWS’
hole data, and use of reconciliation reference horizon. By this method
data if available. ‘seam models’ for the HWS and TS
(irrespective of whether they are
carnallitite or sylvinite) were
created.
• To determine the extent and
thickness of the sylvinite, the
‘downward’ limit of the process
leading to sylvinite formation was
recorded in drill-holes, for example
at the contact of sylvinite over
carnallitite. The thickness of this
interval was gridded using IDW3 to
create a sub-horizontal surface
‘suspended’ from the ‘roof of Salt’
surface, then used to cut the earlier
seam models, resulting in surfaces
for the top and base of the sylvinite
portion of the HWS and the TS. In an
identical method, the thin zone of
leaching of the potassium from the
sylvinite at the very top of the Salt
Member was also cut from the
model. The products of these steps
were ‘sylvinite-only’ wireframes for
the HWS and the TS. Within the
wireframe adjustments were made
to remove the influence of thickness
derived from carnallitite
intersections of TS and HWS outside
of the sylvinite wireframes. These
wireframes were checked against all
borehole intersections on screen in
Micromine. Figures 2 and 3 of the
announcement illustrate the final
wireframes used for the estimation,
along with other key geological
surfaces.
• Blocks of 50 by 50 metres, with
variable height were created within
the HWS and TS sylvinite
wireframes. Grade (KCl%) was then
estimated into these blocks by IDW2,
using the composited drill-hole
assay data. Typical spacing between
holes is between 1 .4 and 4.0 km
apart. Density was calculated for
each block, based on the grade, as
discussed in section 3.11.
• In the CPs view, the model reflects
the geological controls well, and is
more appropriate to the deposit
type than the potash industry
standard method of using circles
around holes for 2D polygonal
estimation. Given the well
understood controls, it provides an
estimation of tonnes and grade
appropriate to the respective
classification.
• The overall vertical grade variation
within both the HWS and the TS is
minimal and so the grade model did
not require adjusting for the
proportion/part of the seam
present, if not complete for a given
composite.
• There are no ‘outlier’ in terms of
grade, relating to the massive
layered nature of the sylvinite and
its high grade and lateral continuity
within the sylvinite. No top or
bottom cutting was carried out. The
CP is confident in the grade
estimation method used, aided by
the fact that the grade variation
between holes is not significant.
More complex methods such as
kriging were not deemed necessary
or appropriate given the relatively
small data-set and relatively uniform
grade.
• The block model estimated grades
were checked in cross-section in
Micromine, comparing against the
supporting assay data, for all drill-
holes.
• Both Mg and insoluble material are
considered deleterious elements but
are only present in very small
quantities in all intersections; less
than in most deposits globally. They
were not estimated into the block
model. In all intersections they are
<0.1 and <0.3% respectively.
• The eastern and southern limits of
the deposit were cut by a ‘sylvinite
extent’ (Fig. 4 of the announcement)
interpreted from seismic data but
also strongly supported by the
resource model itself. Beyond this
extent, the seams are considered to
be carnallitite-only, to th eest of DX
within the adjacent Dougou
carnallite Deposit. The ‘sylvinite
extent’ reflects the limit of the
influence of the Yangala High, as
described in section 2.3.
• Extrapolation beyond data points is
limited to a distance deemed
appropriate in terms of the
confidence of the classification into
Inferred and Indicated, as described
in section 3.13
• A check estimate was made, using a
volume created by multiplying the
average thickness of the sylvinite
with the extent of the sylvinite (as
determined by a proportional
representation of sylvinite to
carnallitite within the deposit area).
The check supports the reported
MRE.
3.6 MOISTURE • The sylvinite seams are dry and the
estimate is on a dry basis. Moisture
content was checked by weighing
before and after ‘drying’.
3.7 CUT-OFF • The basis of the adopted cut-off • In all cases, the transition from high
PARAMETERS grade(s) or quality parameters grade sylvinite to barren rock-salt or
applied. carnallitite is abrupt, typically over a
10 mm interval. Due to this ‘binary’
nature of the material, a standard
cut-off grade approach is not really
applicable. However, for reporting, a
15% KCl cut-off was used though no
blocks in the model fall below this.
The cut-off for the nearby Kola
deposit is 10% KCl as determined
from an application of modifying
factors from feasibility work;
therefore for DX, 15% KCl is
considered conservative. The Mg
and insoluble content is so low and
consistent at DX that it is not a
consideration in cut-off.
3.8 MINING • Assumptions made regarding • The feasibility work for the nearby
FACTORS OR possible mining methods, minimum Kola deposit provides guidance due
ASSUMPTIONS mining dimensions and internal (or, if to the apparent similarities of the
applicable, external) mining dilution. deposits.
It is always necessary as part of the • DX would likely be suited to
process of determining reasonable conventional underground mining
prospects for eventual economic using a room and pillar layout. This
extraction to consider potential is the planned method for the
mining methods, but the nearby Kola deposit which is similar
assumptions made regarding mining in terms of seam thickness and
methods and parameters when geometry, and is also sylvinite.
estimating Mineral Resources may Pillars are left in place for long term
not always be rigorous. Where this is stability of the mine openings.
the case, this should be reported with • The absence of ‘difficult’ lithologies
an explanation of the basis of the such as bischofite or clay/shale rich
mining assumptions made. layers is advantageous in terms of
geotechnical stability of the roof and
floor of the mine.
• At Kola, drum-cutting continuous
mining machines (CMs) are planned;
these would likely be the preferred
choice of machine for DX. Minimum
mining height for these machines is
typically between 1.5 and 2.5 m
depending on the size of CM used.
• At DX, the average height of the
HWS and TS is 4.7 metres. For the
DX MRE, all blocks with a height of
less than 1.0 m were excluded from
the estimate. Given the high grade
of the deposit, an additional 0.5 m
or more could be accepted as
planned dilution in these areas.
• As at Kola, a vertical shaft would
likely be the most suitable means of
accessing the DX deposit, being the
lowest risk option for passing the
poorly consolidated weathered
sediments of the ‘cover rocks’.
• Of importance is that the DX deposit
appears to be overlain by a thick 10
to 16 m thick layer of anhydrite and
clay, providing a low permeability
hydrogeological barrier (an aquitard)
separating possible aquifers in the
Cover Rocks from the Salt Member.
This would need to be further tested
and modelled.
• The thickness of rock-salt between
the TS and the HWS is always in
excess of 8 metres thus providing a
thick ‘sill pillar’ between the seams.
Based on test work and 2D and 3D
geotechnical modelling at Kola, a ‘sill
pillar’ of this thickness is likely to be
more than sufficient to allow mining
of both seams even where
‘superimposed’.
3.9 • The basis for assumptions or • Sylvinite is the most commonly
METALLURGICAL predictions regarding metallurgical mined and processed ore of potash
FACTORS OR amenability. It is always necessary as globally.
ASSUMPTIONS part of the process of determining • A large amount of process test work
reasonable prospects for eventual carried out for the nearby Kola
economic extraction to consider deposit for feasibility studies. The
potential metallurgical methods, but sylvinite at DX appears to be similar,
the assumptions regarding being comprised of medium to
metallurgical treatment processes coarse-grained sylvite and halite,
and parameters made when with consistently low quantities of
reporting Mineral Resources may not insoluble material and magnesium.
always be rigorous. Where this is the • Given the similarity (as observed in
case, this should be reported with an core) of the DX sylvinite with that at
explanation of the basis of the the Kola Deposit, it is likely that the
metallurgical assumptions made. DX ore is similarly amenable to
conventional flotation and this
should be confirmed by test-work if
the project is advanced further.
3.10 • Assumptions made regarding • The deposit area is outside of the
ENVIRONMENTAL possible waste and process residue ‘Integral’ zone Conkuati Douali
FACTORS OR disposal options. It is always National Park. It is within the
ASSUMPTIONS necessary as part of the process of ‘buffer’ and ‘economic
determining reasonable prospects for development’ zones of the park. A
eventual economic extraction to comprehensive Environmental
consider the potential environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) was
impacts of the mining and processing prepared and approved, for the
operation. While at this stage the Dougou Mining Permit.
determination of potential • At the mine site, infrastructure
environmental impacts, particularly would be limited to the shaft related
for a greenfields project, may not infrastructure, and conveyance of
always be well advanced, the status the ore. Processing of sylvinite
of early consideration of these would be at the planned plant for
potential environmental impacts Kola, located at the coast, 15 km
should be reported. Where these south of DX (figure 1 of the
aspects have not been considered announcement) which is permitted
this should be reported with an for the production of Mt Muriate of
explanation of the environmental Potash (MoP).
assumptions made. • Waste from possible mining and
processing is dissolved halite (salt-
water), which is then diluted and
discharged into the ocean.
• Any future scoping or feasibility
work for DX would benefit
significantly from the large amount
of social and environmental
assessment and planning work
carried out for the Kola feasibility
study.
3.11 BULK DENSITY • Whether assumed or determined. If • Conventional ‘Archimedes Principle’
assumed, the basis for the density measurements are
assumptions. If determined, the problematic due to the soluble
method used, whether wet or dry, nature of the core. At nearby Kola, it
the frequency of the measurements, has been shown that density of
the nature, size and sylvinite is directly correlated to the
representativeness of the samples. relative proportion of sylvite and
• The bulk density for bulk material halite (which have known densities
must have been measured by of 1.99 and 2.16 g/cm3 respectively),
methods that adequately account for which can be determined from the
void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), KCl content. This density is referred
moisture and differences between to as the ‘mineralogically
rock and alteration zones within the determined density’ and is a method
deposit. is used routinely in some operating
• Discuss assumptions for bulk density potash mines. At DX the method is
estimates used in the evaluation made simpler due to the extremely
process of the different materials. small amounts (<2.5%) of other
minerals. An equation and ‘curve’
for the conversion of KCl to density
was developed, based on
pycnometer density and the
‘mineralogically determined density’
data. Based on this curve, a density
was assigned to each block for the
HWS and TS using the formula
DENSITY= (KCL-742.53)/(-337.53).
The average for the seams is 2.02
and 2.11 g/cm3 for the HWS and TS
respectively. This is similar to
sylvinite density of deposits
elsewhere, typically between 2.00
and 2.15 g/cm3.
3.12 • The basis for the classification of the • The bulk of the DX deposit is
CLASSIFICATION Mineral Resources into varying classified as Inferred, being
confidence categories. supported by relatively widely-
• Whether appropriate account has spaced drill-hole and seismic data.
been taken of all relevant factors (i.e. Within this area grade and
relative confidence in tonnage/grade geological continuity is implied but
estimations, reliability of input data, will require additional data-points to
confidence in continuity of geology verify.
and metal values, quality, quantity • A relatively small area of the deposit
and distribution of the data). has sufficient drill-hole control and
• Whether the result appropriately seismic data to be able to assume
reflects the Competent Person’s view continuity of grade and geology
of the deposit. sufficient for it to be classified as
Indicated Mineral Resources.
• For the extent of the Mineral
Resources within the Inferred and
Indicated categories, the following
was deemed appropriate by the CP,
based on an understanding of the
controls on the sylvinite, and
confidence in the model in relation
to data points:
• Indicated Mineral Resource:
sylvinite within a polygon guided by
a 1 km radius of the drill-holes
DX_01, K62, ED_03, ED_01
• Inferred Mineral Resource: sylvinite
within a polygon guided by a 2.5 km
radius of inner holes and a 1.5 km
radius beyond ‘outer’ holes, and
with the removal of the area of the
Indicated MRE.
• Both the Indicated and Inferred
extents were ‘cut’ by the limit of
‘maximum extent of sylvinite’
(described in section 3.5 and shown
in Figure 4 of the announcement).
• Indicated Mineral Resources are
supported by drill-holes with collar
positions surveyed by a DGPS.
• Mineral Resources for the different
categories for each seam within the
DX Deposit are shown in Table 1 of
the announcement.
3.13 AUDITS OR • The results of any audits or reviews • In using MSA to assist with the
REVIEWS of Mineral Resource estimates. resource model, there has been 3rd
party review of the drill-hole data,
the resource model, and estimation
procedure.
• An external audit has not been
carried out.
Glossary of Terms
Term Explanation
agrinutrient nutrients applied to crops to assist with their growth and health
The uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch/series. Its
Albian
approximate time range is 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.9 Ma (million years ago)
anhydrite Anhydrous calcium sulphate, CaSO4.
a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch or series and encompasses the
Aptian
time from 125.0 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma
An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or
aquifer
unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt)
A zone within the earth that restricts the flow of groundwater from one aquifer to
aquitard
another.
in this case refers to the analysis of the chemical composition of samples in the
assay
laboratory
Hydrous magnesium chloride minerals with formula, MgCl2·6H2O and
bischofite
CaMgCl2·12H2O
brine Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt in water
a tool used to measure the width of an opening or object, in this case the diameter
caliper
of the hole or the width of the drill core
carbonate any rock composed mainly of carbonate minerals such as calcite or dolomite
an evaporite mineral, a hydrated potassium magnesium chloride with formula
carnallite
KMgCl. 3· 6(H2O)
carnallitite a rock comprised predomiantly of the minerals carnallite and halite
Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and
clastic
rock.
clay A fine-grained sedimentary rock.
collars (drill-hole) the top of the drill-hole
an interval of uniform length for which attributes such as grade are determined by
composite (sample) combining or cutting original samples of greater or lesser length, to obtain a uniform
support size
conformable refers to layers of rock between which there is no loss of the geological record
a mining machine that uses a rotting cutting devise, typically a drum or a boring unit,
continuous miner
to cut the ore
core (drill) the cylindrical length of rock extracted by the process of diamond drill coring
the last of the three periods of the Mesozoic Era. The Cretaceous began 145.0
Cretaceous
million years ago and ended 66 million years ago
cross-section an image showing a slice (normally vertical) through the sub-surface
the method of extracting cores of rock by using a circular diamond-tipped bit
diamond coring
(though may be tungsten carbide)
in this case refers to the angle of inclination of a layer of rock, measured in degrees
dip
or % from horizontal
anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally
dolomite CaMg(CO3)2. The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed
mostly of the mineral dolomite.mineral form is indicated by italic font
a spatial zone within which material is modelled/expected to be of a type or types
domain (mineral)
that can be treated in the same way, in this case in terms of resource estimation
a hole drilled to obtain samples of the mineralization and host rocks, also known as
drill-hole
boreholes or just holes
euhedral crystals with well defined crystal form
Sediments chemically precipitated due to the evaporation of an aqueous solution
evaporite
or brine
refers to the amount if mineralized material mined as a ratio of the amount that is
extraction ratio
left in place
A planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant
fault
displacement as a result of rock mass movement.
A gamma ray or gamma radiation is penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the
gamma-ray
radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.
Refers to the physical behavior of rocks, particularly relevant for the Mine design requiring
geotechnical
geotechnical engineering
Gondwana or Gondwanaland, was a supercontinent that formed from the unification of several
Gondwana cratons in the Late Neoproterozoic, merged with Euramerica in the Carboniferous to form
Pangaea, and began to fragment in the Mesozoic
A graben is a basin bound by normal faults either side, formed by the subsidence of the basin
graben
due to extension
a term used to refer to estimation of data into a grid of cells from data values spaced more
gridding
widely than the cells
soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dehydrate, with the chemical formula
gypsum
CaSO. 4·2H2O.
halite The mineral form of sodium chloride (NaCl), salt.
Halokinesis is refers to salt tectonics, which includes the mobilization and flow of subsurface
halokinesis
salt, and the subsequent emplacement and resulting structure of salt bodies
sometimes spelt as haematite, it is the mineral form of iron(III) oxide (Fe 2O3), one of several
hematite
iron oxides.
a horst is a raised fault block bounded by normal faults. A horst is a raised block of the Earth's
horst crust that has lifted, or has remained stationary, while the land on either side (grabens) have
subsided
is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the
hydrogeological
subsurface
In this text refers to the basin being hydrographically isolated, being without an open water
hydrographically
connection to the sea
An ‘Indicated Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade
(or quality), densities, shape and physical characteristics are estimated with sufficient
confidence to allow the application of Modifying Factors in sufficient detail to support mine
planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. Geological evidence is
derived from adequately detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing gathered
Indicated Mineral Resource
through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and
drillholes, and is sufficient to assume geological and grade (or quality) continuity between
points of observation where data and samples are gathered. An Indicated Mineral Resource
has a lower level of confidence than that applying to a Measured Mineral Resource and may
only be converted to a Probable Ore Reserve.
An ‘Inferred Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade
(or quality) are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling.
Geological evidence is sufficient to imply but not verify geological and grade (or quality)
continuity. It is based on exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through
Inferred Mineral Resource appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and
drillholes. An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to
an Indicated Mineral Resource and must not be converted to an Ore Reserve. It is reasonably
expected that the majority of Inferred Mineral Resources could be upgraded to Indicated
Mineral Resources with continued exploration.
insoluble material in this report, refers to material that cannot be dissolved by water such as clay, quartz, anhydrite
Inverse distance weighting (IDW) is a type of deterministic method for multivariate
Inverse Distance weighting interpolation with a known scattered set of points. The assigned values to unknown points are
calculated with a weightedaverage of the values available at the known points.
The Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore
JORC Reserves, as published by the Joint Ore Reserves Committee of The Australasian Institute of
Mining and Metallurgy, Australian Institute of Geoscientists and Minerals Council of Australia
Limestone is a sedimentary rock. Its major materials are the minerals calcite and aragonite
limestone which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), mostly derived or in the form
of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs
lithological refers to the observed characteristics if a rock type (or lithology)
A ‘Measured Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade
(or quality), densities, shape, and physical characteristics are estimated with confidence
sufficient to allow the application of Modifying Factors to support detailed mine planning and
final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. Geological evidence is derived from
detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing gathered through appropriate
Measured Mineral Resource techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drillholes, and is
sufficient to confirm geological and grade (or quality) continuity between points of observation
where data and samples are gathered. A Measured Mineral Resource has a higher level of
confidence than that applying to either an Indicated Mineral Resource or an Inferred Mineral
Resource. It may be converted to a Proved Ore Reserve or under certain circumstances to a
Probable Ore Reserve.
Mineral Deposit A mineral deposit is a natural concentration of minerals in the earth's crust.
the economically mineable part of a Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource. It includes
diluting materials and allowances for losses, which may occur when the material is mined or
Mineral Reserve extracted and is defined by studies at Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility level as appropriate that
include application of Modifying Factors. Such studies demonstrate that, at the time of
reporting, extraction could reasonably be justified
A ‘Mineral Resource’ is a concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in
or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade (or quality), and quantity that there are reasonable
prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade (or quality),
Mineral Resource continuity and other geological characteristics of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or
interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge, including sampling. Mineral
Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred,
Indicated and Measured categories.
a method of drilling using a rotating destructive bit to penetrate the rocks and using water with
mud-rotary
various additives referred to as the drilling fluid or 'mud'
muriate of potash (MoP) The saleable form of potassium chloride, comprising a minimum of 95% KCl
is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million
Oligocene
years before the present
in this report refers to material of organic origin such as plant debris or peat, or bituminous
organics
material
a term used in evaporite geology that refers to the movement of ions our of a layer in the
outsalting
evaporite by fluid (or brine) initially under saturated with respect to that ion
overburden a general term referring to rocks above the rocks hosting the ore.
the columns of rock left in place in mining to support the Mine opening, either within the mined
pillars (in mining)
out areas (rooms) or adjacent to them
refers to any of various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble
potash
form. In this report generally refers to the potassium bearing rock types
The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated p?, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest
Pre-Cambrian
part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon, between 4600 to 541 Ma
pycnometer A laboratory device used for measuring the density of solids.
refers to the amount of core recovered as a % of the amount that should have been recovered
recovery (of drill core)
if no loss ws incurred.
when minerals dissolve or partly dissolve and then re-form typically with a different size and
recrystallization
texture
refers to the splitting apart of the earth's crust due to extension, typically resulting in crustal
rift
thinning and normal faulting
rock-salt rock comprising predominantly of the mineral halite
a method of mining whereby the ore is extracted in blocks, leaving pillars of rock behind to
room-and-pillar
support the opening
A naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion,
sediment and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of
gravity acting on the particles.
in this case seismic reflection, a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of
seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves.
seismic
The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast,
a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering
stratigraphy
(stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks
refers to the direction of preferred control of the mineralization be it structural or depositional.
strike
In this direction it is expected that there be greater correlation of attributes
in evaporite geology refers to the process of erosion by dissolution along a surface that is within
subrosion
the sub-surfaces, in this case at the top of the Salt Member
sylvinite a rock type comprised predomintly of the mineral sylvite and halite
sylvite an evaporite mineral, potassium chloride (KCl)
refers to the relationship between a layer and the layer below it, when the contact between
unconformably
them is an unconformity
An unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses
unconformity
or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous
20 August 2018
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ENDS
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