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ORION MINERALS LIMITED - Completion of Extensive Deep Sulphide Drill-out at Prieska Zinc-Copper Project

Release Date: 15/10/2018 08:39
Code(s): ORN     PDF:  
Wrap Text
Completion of Extensive Deep Sulphide Drill-out at Prieska Zinc-Copper Project

Orion Minerals Limited
Incorporated in the Commonwealth of Australia
Australian Company Number 098 939 274
ASX share code: ORN
JSE share code: ORN
ISIN: AU000000ORN1
(“Orion” or “the Company”)


COMPLETION OF EXTENSIVE DEEP SULPHIDE DRILL-OUT AT PRIESKA ZINC-COPPER PROJECT


 -   Prieska Deep Sulphide Project drill-out program completed on schedule.
 -   Excellent safety record maintained over duration of the program.
 -   85,424 metres drilled since May 2017 with up to 18 surface diamond drill rigs.
 -   87 intersections completed to in-fill and twin historical drilling; 15 intersections for metallurgical sampling.
 -   Updated Mineral Resource scheduled for mid-December 2018 to underpin Bankable Feasibility Study.
 -   High priority target areas identified for follow-up drilling to target extensions to intersected mineralisation.


“Figures" referred to throughout this announcement can be viewed on the pdf version of the announcement, available on
the Company's website, www.orionminerals.com.au.

Orion’s Managing Director and CEO, Errol Smart, commented:

“The completion of this major drilling program is a huge achievement and a really important milestone for Orion on our
journey to become a substantial new base metal producer in South Africa.

The program, which has at times involved up to 18 surface rigs working around the clock over the past 18 months, has
been a huge endeavour. I am very proud of the professional and efficient manner in which our exceptional geological team
and contractors have executed the drilling program while maintaining an outstanding safety and environmental performance
throughout.

The program was mainly designed to in-fill the mineralisation within the February 2018 mineral resource footprint with the
objective of achieving an upgrade in resource confidence to feed into our Bankable Feasibility Study. The updated resource
is now scheduled for mid-December 2018 and the BFS is on track for release in Q2 2019. Importantly, the drilling has also
identified very promising possible extensions to the current resource which will be drill tested in coming months to continue
probing areas with potential to expand the resource while we complete the BFS.”

Orion Minerals Limited (ASX/JSE: ORN) (Orion or the Company) is pleased to announce that it has successfully completed
an 85,424m infill and extension drilling program at its Prieska Zinc-Copper Project (Prieska Project), located in the
Areachap Belt in South Africa’s Northern Cape Province.

The infill drilling program was primarily designed to increase sample density for the Deep Sulphide Mineral Resource, with
the objective of upgrading the Inferred Resource reported previously (refer ASX release 9 April 2018) as the foundation for
the ongoing Bankable Feasibility Study (BFS) due for completion early next year.

With as many as 18 surface diamond drill rigs in operation on the project at the peak of the program, Orion is pleased to
announce that, with more than 475,000 hours spent on the project since May 2017, only one lost time injury was reported
which was fully investigated, and the appropriate remedial action taken.

The drilling program consisted of 41 mother holes and 61 deflections (wedge holes) for a total of 85,424m drilled, with the
objective of upgrading the confidence level in the current Deep Sulphide Inferred Resource of 27.8 Mt grading 3.92% Zn
and 1.22% Cu on the Repli Prospecting Right (Repli) and Vardocube Prospecting Right (Vardocube) (Figure 1) (refer ASX
release of 9 April 2018).

As part of the ongoing BFS, the 2017 – 2018 drill program was designed to twin and infill historical drilling to achieve an
average 60m intersection spacing. The program was successful in confirming excellent continuity of the massive sulphide
zinc-copper mineralisation while also identifying areas where the Resource remains open down-dip and along strike with
potential to add significantly to the current Resource.

All core samples were submitted to ALS Chemex Laboratories in Johannesburg for analysis. The Deep Sulphide Mineral
Resource (refer ASX releases 8 February 2018 and 9 April 2018) will be updated once all assay results are returned and
quality control performance criteria satisfied. The Mineral Resource update is expected to be completed by mid-December
2018.

Ten new intersections for the Deep Sulphide Target (one from Repli and nine from Vardocube) are reported here (Figures
1 to 5 and Table 1).

Details of previous intersections from surface drilling at the Deep Sulphide Target have been reported in the ASX releases
of 18 September 2018, 16 July 2018, 19 February 2018, 1 February 2018, 12 December 2017, 8 November 2017, 9 October
2017, 5 October 2017, 17 September 2017, 6 September 2017, 27 July 2017 and 17 July 2017. Historical drilling results
were reported in the ASX press releases of 16 July 2018 and 18 November 2015.
Details of the latest (previously unreported) intersections are presented in Table 1.

Several targets have been identified in the South Eastern resource area for priority follow-up drilling with potential to
increase the resource outline. These include a high-grade duplicate massive sulphide horizon which has now been shown
to have a large footprint and remains open along strike to the north. This horizon is now identified as a priority drill target
for expanding the Resource base at the Prieska Project (Figures 6 and 7).

                                                                           Lengt
                           East        North        From          To                  Cu         Zn        Au         Ag
                                                                             h
       Drill hole
                         (WGS84      (WGS84
                                                     (m)         (m)        (m)       (%)       (%)       (g/t)       (g/t)
                          LO23)       LO23)
 Repli
                                         -
 OCOD116_D4              -68,313                   1021.91     1027.58      5.67     0.67       2.74      0.18         8
                                     3,314,367
 Vardocube
                                         -
 OCOD122_D5              -67,048                   1065.00     1068.52      3.52     0.60       3.73      0.18         7
                                     3,315,642
                                         -
 OCOD123_D2              -67,133                   1096.70     1100.28      3.58     1.90       5.38      0.30         17
                                     3,315,720
                                         -
 OCOD125_D2              -67,048                   1074.22     1076.80      2.58     0.50       2.58      0.11         6
                                     3,315,642
                                         -
 OCOD128_D1              -67,005                   1089.00     1090.00      1.00     2.62       2.79      0.78         30
                                     3,315,809
                                         -
 OCOD130                 -66,919                   1060.30     1062.30      2.00     0.50       3.36      0.11         14
                                     3,315,793
                                         -
 OCOD131_D1              -67,012                   1054.75     1065.00     10.25     1.03       3.84      0.23         16
                                     3,315,665
                                         -
                         -66,956                   1086.00     1088.08      2.08     1.41       5.13      0.39         12
                                     3,315,902
 OCOD133
                                         -
                         -66,956                   1111.34     1112.35      1.01     2.00       2.66      0.14         17
                                     3,315,902
                                         -
 OCOD135                 -66,874                   1071.50     1076.10      4.60     0.42       5.49      0.40         17
                                     3,315,886
                                         -
 OCOD137                 -66,842     3,315,927     1065.95     1069.00      3.05     0.72       1.92      0.16         6
                                     

1. Drilling was conducted by means of long mother-holes (>1000m) and deflections therefrom. Azimuths and inclinations
   change significantly from the collar to the intersection points. Coordinates of the mid-point of the intersection are
   presented in the table above.
2. All intersections quoted are based on a minimum width of 1.0m and lower cut-off grades of 0.3% copper or 0.5% zinc.
   No top-cut has been applied.
3. The quoted average grades are length and density weighted (Appendix 1).
4. All intercept lengths are down-the-hole lengths.



Errol Smart
Managing Director and CEO

15 October 2018
ENQUIRIES

Investors                                                   JSE Sponsor
Errol Smart – Managing Director & CEO                       Rick Irving
Denis Waddell – Chairman                                    Merchantec Capital
T: +61 (0) 3 8080 7170                                      T: +27 (0) 11 325 6363
E: info@orionminerals.com.au                                E: rick@merchantec.co.za

Media
Michael Vaughan                                             Barnaby Hayward
Fivemark Partners, Australia                                Tavistock, UK
T: +61 (0) 422 602 720                                      T: +44 (0) 207 920 3150
E: michael.vaughan@fivemark.com.au                          E: orion@tavistock.co.uk

Suite 617, 530 Little Collins Street
Melbourne, VIC, 3000


Competent Person’s Statement

The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results is based on information compiled by Mr JE Potgieter
(Pr.Sci.Nat.), a Competent Person who is a member of the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professionals, a
Recognised Professional Organisation (RPO). Mr Potgieter is a full-time employee of Orion. Mr Potgieter has sufficient
experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being
undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the JORC Code. Mr Potgieter consents to
the inclusion in this announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.


Disclaimer

This release may include forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements may include, among other things,
statements regarding targets, estimates and assumptions in respect of metal production and prices, operating costs and
results, capital expenditures, mineral reserves and mineral resources and anticipated grades and recovery rates, and are
or may be based on assumptions and estimates related to future technical, economic, market, political, social and other
conditions. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s expectations and beliefs concerning future
events. Forward-looking statements inherently involve subjective judgement and analysis and are necessarily subject to
risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside the control of Orion. Actual results and developments may
vary materially from those expressed in this release. Given these uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue
reliance on such forward-looking statements. Orion makes no undertaking to subsequently update or revise the forward-
looking statements made in this release to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this release. All information in
respect of Exploration Results and other technical information should be read in conjunction with Competent Person
Statements in this release (where applicable). To the maximum extent permitted by law, Orion and any of its related bodies
corporate and affiliates and their officers, employees, agents, associates and advisers:

-    disclaim any obligations or undertaking to release any updates or revisions to the information to reflect any change in
     expectations or assumptions;
-    do not make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the
     information in this release, or likelihood of fulfilment of any forward-looking statement or any event or results expressed
     or implied in any forward-looking statement; and
-    disclaim all responsibility and liability for these forward-looking statements (including, without limitation, liability for
     negligence).

Appendix 1: The following tables are provided in accordance with the JORC Code (2012) for the reporting of Exploration Results for Prieska Project.
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
 
Criteria                        JORC Code explanation                                                     Commentary
 Sampling techniques              - Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut channels, random chips, or   - Drilling and sampling has been undertaken during three distinct periods
                                    specific specialised industry standard measurement tools                since the discovery of mineralisation. These are pre-mine exploration
                                    appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole      (1968-1971) and during mine operations (1972-1984) holes ("V", "D", and
                                    gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc.). These                 "F" prefixed holes) by Anglovaal Ltd (also known as the Anglovaal Group,
                                    examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of           “Anglovaal”), and current drilling (2017 to present) by Orion Minerals Ltd
                                    sampling.                                                               (Orion).
                                 - Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample
                                                                                                           Anglovaal:
                                    representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement
                                                                                                           - For diamond drilling carried out by Anglovaal between 1968 and 1984,
                                    tools or systems used.
                                                                                                             there is limited information available on sampling techniques for core.
                                 - Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to
                                                                                                             However, with exploration and resource management being carried out
                                    the Public Report.
                                                                                                             under the supervision of Anglovaal, it is considered by the Competent
                                 - In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would          Person that there would be procedures in place to industry best practice
                                    be relatively simple (e.g. ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to     standard at that time. This is based on the Competent Persons knowledge
                                    obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a           of exploration carried out by Anglovaal and discussions with personnel
                                    30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may        employed by Anglovaal.
                                    be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent
                                                                                                           - The exploration and resource management were under the professional
                                    sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types
                                                                                                             supervision of Dr Danie Krige an internationally recognised expert of the
                                    (e.g. submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed 
                                                                                                             time who published peer reviewed papers based on the sampling data.
                                    information.
                                                                                                            The sampling was successful in defining a resource estimate which was
                                                                                                            used as the basis of successful mine development and operation over a
                                                                                                            20-year period.
                                                                                                         -  Drilling of the original surface exploration holes was carried out 200m –
                                                                                                            250m line spacing. Underground exploration holes were not drilled on a
                                                                                                            regular spacing.
                                                                                                         -  Surface drill exploration samples were all sent to Anglovaal Research
                                                                                                            Laboratory at Rand Leases Mine and underground drill samples to the
                                                                                                            mine laboratory for analyses.
                                                                                                         -  No records on the sampling methodology used are available.
                                                                                                       Orion:
                                                                                                       - Diamond core is cut at the core yard and half core is taken as the sample.
                                                                                                       - The core is sampled at 1m intervals where possible with sample lengths
                                                                                                         adjusted to ensure samples do not cross geological boundaries or other
                                                                                                         features.
                                                                                                       - Drilling at the Deep Sulphide Target was carried out with the aim of
                                                                                                         defining an approximate 60m x 60m pattern by use of “mother” holes and
                                                                                                         deflections therefrom.
                                                                                                       - Mineralised zones are drilled using core drilling.
                                                                                                       - Sampling is carried out under supervision of a qualified geologist using
                                                                                                         procedures outlined below including industry standard QA/QC.
                                                                                                       - Samples submitted for analysis to ALS Chemex (Pty) Ltd (ALS) are

                                                                                                         pulverised in its entirety at ALS and split to obtain a 0.2g sample for
                                                                                                         digestion and analysis.
Drilling techniques     - Drill type (e.g. core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary   Anglovaal:
                          air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc.) and details (e.g. core          - Records for core size are not available.
                          diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-       - No record on core orientation.
                          sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by
                          what method, etc.).                                                    Orion:
                                                                                                 - Diamond core drilling using NQ and BQ sized core. BQ core was only
                                                                                                   drilled where problems were encountered in the original NQ drilled drill
                                                                                                   hole and the drilling could not continue with NQ size.
                                                                                                 - In the near-surface weathered zone HQ core was drilled.
                                                                                                 - Pre-collar drilled using percussion drilling on certain holes (above
                                                                                                   mineralisation).
                                                                                                 - Core was orientated in holes selected for geotechnical studies.
Drill sample recovery   - Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample                 Anglovaal:
                          recoveries and results assessed.                                       - All mineralised intersections were done with core drilling.
                        - Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure                  - Core recoveries are documented on the assay sheets. Core recoveries
                          representative nature of the samples.                                    were measured for each "run".
                        - Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade        - In most V holes and all D and F holes, intersections were in hard rock and
                          and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential            recoveries were generally good through the mineralisation.
                          loss/gain of fine/coarse material.
                                                                                                 Orion:
                                                                                                 - All mineralised intersections are done with core drilling.
                                                                                                 - Core stick-ups reflecting the depth of the drill hole are recorded at the rig
                                                                                                   at the end of each core run.
                                                                                                 - A block with the depth of the hole written on it is placed in the core box at
                                                                                                   the end of each run.
                                                                                                 - At the core yard, the length of core in the core box is measured for each
                                                                                                   run. The measured length of core is subtracted from the length of the run
                                                                                                   as recorded from the stick-up measured at the rig to determine the core
                                                                                                   lost.
                                                                                                 - Core recovery in all the mineralised intersections are good.
                                                                                                 - No grade variation with recovery was noted.

Logging                 - Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and               Anglovaal:
                          geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate      - All relevant intersections for V surface holes have been geologically
                          Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical            logged by qualified geologists and all of this information is available. It is
                          studies.                                                                 understood from historical reports and discussions with Anglovaal
                        - Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or       geologists involved with the Prieska Mine that all intersections for D and F
                          costean, channel, etc.) photography.                                     holes were logged by qualified geologists. The detail logs are currently not
                        - The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections            available.
                          logged.                                                                - Downhole geotechnical information is available for some of the D and F
                                                                                                   holes only. Downhole mineralogical logs are available for some D and F
                                                                                                   holes.
                                                                                                 Orion:
                                                                                                 - Pre-collar percussion holes are logged by qualified geologists on 1m
                                                                                                   intervals using visual inspection of washed drill chips. A hand held XRF
                                                                                                   instrument is used to determine the presence of any metals.
                                                                                                 - Core of the entire hole length was geologically logged and recorded on
                                                                                                   standardised log sheets by qualified geologists.
                                                                                                 - Qualitative logging of colour, grain size, weathering, structural fabric,
                                                                                                   lithology, alteration type and sulphide mineralogy carried out.
                                                                                                 - Quantitative estimate of sulphide mineralogy.
                                                                                                 - Logs are recorded at the core yard and entered into digital templates at
                                                                                                   the project office.
Sub-sampling            - If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core     Anglovaal:
techniques and sample     taken.                                                                 - Details of sub-sampling techniques not available.
preparation             - If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc. and     - Although no formal QC samples were inserted by the geologists at the
                          whether sampled wet or dry.                                              time of drilling the Anglovaal Research Laboratory produced their own
                        - For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the     standards, certified by other commercial laboratories which were routinely
                          sample preparation technique.                                            inserted into batches at the laboratory. Duplicate samples were also
                        - Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to        inserted to check for repeatability.
                          maximise representivity of samples.                                    Orion:
                        - Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the    - Samples from percussion pre-collars are collected by spear sampling.
                          in situ material collected, including for instance results for field
                                                                                                 - Sampling on site aims to generate a < 2kg sub sample to enable the
                          duplicate/second-half sampling.
                                                                                                    entire sample to be pulverised without further splitting.
                        - Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the
                                                                                                 - Water is used in the dust depression process during percussion drilling,
                          material being sampled.
                                                                                                   resulting in wet chip samples.
                                                                                                 - BQ and NQ core cut at core yard and half core taken as sample.
                                                                                                 - With core samples, the entire sample length is cut and sampled.
                                                                                                 - Sample preparation is undertaken at ALS, an ISO accredited laboratory.
                                                                                                   ALS utilises industry best practise for sample preparation for analysis,
                                                                                                   involving drying of samples, crushing to <5mm if required and then
                                                                                                   pulverising so that +85% of the sample passes 75 microns.
                                                                                                 - CRMs, blanks and duplicates are inserted and analysed with each batch.
                                                                                                   Insertion rates for the current reporting is: CRMs = 10%, blanks = 5% and

                                                                                                        field duplicates = 2%.
Quality of assay data      - The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and              Anglovaal:
and laboratory tests         laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is                  - Surface drill exploration samples were all sent to Anglovaal Research
                             considered partial or total.                                               Laboratory at Rand Leases Mine.
                           - For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments,          - Underground drill hole samples were sent to the mine laboratory, where
                             etc., the parameters used in determining the analysis including            the same analytical method was used.
                             instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors           - Atomic Adsorption method was used with a Nitric-bromide digest.
                             applied and their derivation, etc.                                         Underground drill hole samples were sent to the mine laboratory, where
                           - Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g. standards,              the same analytical method was used.
                             blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether              - Although no formal QC samples were inserted with the drill samples of the
                             acceptable levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have       exploration holes the Anglovaal Research Laboratory developed their own
                             been established.                                                          standards, certified by other commercial laboratories and those were used
                                                                                                        internally in the laboratory. Duplicate samples were also inserted to check
                                                                                                        for repeatability.
                                                                                                      Orion:
                                                                                                      - Samples submitted to ALS were analysed for base metals, Au and Ag.
                                                                                                        Analysis was by the Inductively Coupled Plasma and Optical Emission
                                                                                                        Spectroscopy ("ICP-OES") methodology, using a four-acid digest.
                                                                                                      - External quality control of the laboratory assays is monitored by the
                                                                                                        insertion of blanks and CRMs.
                                                                                                      - CRM samples show high accuracy and tight precision with no consistent
                                                                                                        bias.
                                                                                                      - Blank samples indicate no contamination, within the pre-determined
                                                                                                        thresholds, during the sample preparation process.
                                                                                                      - Laboratory samples show excellent accuracy and precision.
                                                                                                      - ALS has their own internal QC protocols which include CRMs (5%),
                                                                                                        blanks (2.5%) and duplicates (2.5%).
                                                                                                      - External laboratory checks have been carried out.
Verification of sampling   - The verification of significant intersections by either independent or   Anglovaal:
and assaying                 alternative company personnel.                                           - No records available.
                           - The use of twinned holes.
                                                                                                      Orion:
                           - Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data
                                                                                                      - The Competent Person is personally supervising the drilling and sampling
                             verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
                                                                                                         along with a team of experienced geologists.
                           - Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
                                                                                                      - The Competent Person reviewed the calculation of the significant
                                                                                                        intersections.
                                                                                                      - Twin holes are drilled to verify historical drill intersections (Anglovaal).
                                                                                                      - For the EM survey, data are collected on site and validated by a
                                                                                                        geophysical technician daily. Data (raw and processed) is sent to a
                                                                                                        consultant geophysicist for review and quality control.
                                                                                                     - No adjustments have been made to the assay data.
Location of data points   -Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar       Anglovaal:

                     and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other              - All surface and underground hole collars were surveyed by qualified
                     locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.                           surveyors using a theodolite.
                   -Specification of the grid system used.                                  - The historic mine survey data is in the old national Lo23 Clarke 1880
                   - Quality and adequacy of topographic control.                             coordinate system.
                                                                                            - Downhole surveys were carried out for most of the V holes and all of the
                                                                                              D and F holes. Methodology of the downhole surveys is not recorded on
                                                                                              the available hardcopy information but plans and sections are
                                                                                              meticulously plotted and signed off by a certified surveyor.
                                                                                            - Both Eastman and Sperry Sun instruments were used in the downhole
                                                                                              surveys.
                                                                                            - Significant deflections in the dips of the holes have been noted, especially
                                                                                              for the deeper holes. V holes with no downhole surveys are shallower
                                                                                              holes drilled earlier on in the initial exploration phase. These holes
                                                                                              intersected areas where the mineralisation is now largely mined out.
                                                                                            - All hole positions have been converted to Lo23 WGS84 coordinates.
                                                                                            - Underground D and F holes are recorded in local "V" line and "O"
                                                                                              distance coordinates with local mine datum elevations. Level plans have
                                                                                              both the local V/O grid and Lo23 Clark 1880 grids plotted and this has
                                                                                              been used to define transformation parameters from local grid to
                                                                                              geographical coordinates. All hole positions have been converted to Lo23
                                                                                              WGS84 coordinates.
                                                                                            Orion:
                                                                                            - Drill hole collar positions are laid out using a handheld GPS.
                                                                                            - After completion of the Orion drilling all collars were surveyed by a
                                                                                              qualified surveyor using a Trimble R8 differential GPS.
                                                                                            - Downhole surveys are completed using a North-Seeking Gyro instrument.
                                                                                            - All survey data is in the WGS84 ellipsoid in the WG23 Zone with the
                                                                                              Hartebeeshoek 1994 Datum. The coordinates are also supplied in Clarke
                                                                                              1880 and in UTM WGS84 Zone 34 (Southern Hemisphere).
Data spacing and   - Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.                     Anglovaal:
distribution       - Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish   - Original exploration holes (V) were drilled on 200m - 250m spacing.
                     the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the      - Underground drilled holes (D, F and R) were not drilled on a regular
                     Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and             spaced grid.
                     classifications applied.
                                                                                            Orion:
                   - Whether sample compositing has been applied.
                                                                                            - At the Deep Sulphide Target drill holes aim to intersect mineralisation on
                                                                                              spacings sufficient to establish geological and grade continuity
                                                                                              appropriate for Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimations.
                                                                                            - Variography studies were carried out on both the historic and Orion data
                                                                                              set to determine the drill spacing for Mineral Resource estimates.
                                                                                            - No sample compositing was applied.

 Orientation of data in        - Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of         - Historical and current drilling is oriented perpendicular, or at a maximum
 relation to geological          possible structures and the extent to which this is known,                  achievable angle to, the attitude of the mineralisation.
 structure                       considering the deposit type.                                             - As a result, most holes intersect the mineralisation at an acceptable
                               - If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the                angle.
                                 orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have           - No sampling bias is anticipated as a result of hole orientations.
                                 introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if       - EM surveys by Orion were completed in an orientation perpendicular to
                                 material.                                                                   the interpreted or intersected mineralisation.
 Sample security               - The measures taken to ensure sample security.                             Anglovaal:
                                                                                                           - No details of sample security available. However, during the mining
                                                                                                             operations the site was fenced and gated with security personnel
                                                                                                             employed as part of the staff.
                                                                                                           Orion:
                                                                                                           - Chain of custody is managed throughout, and the policy managed through
                                                                                                             an appropriate SOP. Samples are stored on site in a secure locked
                                                                                                             building and then freighted directly to the laboratory.
 Audits or reviews             - The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and           Anglovaal:
                                 data.                                                                     - No records available.
                                                                                                           Orion:
                                                                                                           - SRK Consulting has carried out a review on the sampling techniques and
                                                                                                             data.

Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)

 Mineral tenement and           - Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including            - The Prospecting Rights are held by Repli Trading (Pty) Ltd and
 land tenure status               agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint             Vardocube (Pty) Ltd, which are subsidiaries of Orion.
                                  ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests,    - The Prospecting Right areas covers a strike of 2460m for the Deep
                                  historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental            Sulphide mineralisation.
                                  settings.                                                                - All of the required shaft infrastructure and lateral access underground
                                - The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with         development is available within the two Prospecting Rights.
                                  any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the
                                  area.
 Exploration done by            - Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties.            - All exploration and life of mine drilling (V, D and F holes) was done by
 other parties                                                                                               Anglovaal, resulting in a substantial amount of hard copy data from which
                                                                                                             Orion has been able to assess the prospectivity of the remaining
                                                                                                             mineralisation.
                                                                                                           - The Anglovaal exploration resulted in the delineation and development of
                                                                                                             a large mine.
 Geology                       - Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.             - The Copperton deposit is a Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide (VMS)
                                                                                                             deposit which is situated in the southernmost exposures of the north-
                                                                                                             northwest trending Kakamas Terrain, which forms part of the Mid-
                                                                                                             Proterozoic Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex.

                                                                                                     - The deposit is hosted by the Copperton Formation of the Areachap
                                                                                                        Group. The Areachap Group, also hosts several other but smaller VMS
                                                                                                        deposits such as the Areachap, Boks Puts, Kantien Pan, Kielder, and
                                                                                                        Annex Vogelstruisbult deposits.
                                                                                                     - The structural sequence at the mine consists of a footwall Smouspan
                                                                                                        Gneiss Member, Prieska Copper Mines Assemblage (PCMA), which hosts
                                                                                                        the sulphide mineralisation, and the hangingwall Vogelstruisbult Gneiss
                                                                                                        Member.
                                                                                                     - The historically mined section of the deposit is confined to a tabular,
                                                                                                        stratabound horizon in the northern limb of a refolded recumbent synform,
                                                                                                        the axis of which plunges at approximately 5° to the south-east.
                                                                                                     - The mineralised zone outcrop has a strike of 2400m, is oxidised and / or
                                                                                                        affected by leached and supergene enrichment to a depth of
                                                                                                        approximately 100m and crops out as a well-developed gossan. It has a
                                                                                                        dip of between 55° and 80° to the northeast at surface and a strike of 130°
                                                                                                        to the north. Current drilling indicates that the Deep Sulphides has a strike
                                                                                                        length of at least 2860m in depth.
                                                                                                     - The thickness of the mineralised zone exceeds 30m in places but
                                                                                                        averages between 7m and 9m. The mineralised zone persists to a depth
                                                                                                        of 1100m (as deep as 1228m in one section) after which it is upturned due
                                                                                                        to the folding.
                                                                                                     - The Deep Sulphide Target area located below the historical mined area,
                                                                                                        comprises the steep down dip continuity ("steep limb and hinge zone”)
                                                                                                        and from where it upturns to its subsequent synformal structure ("trough
                                                                                                        zone").
                                                                                                     - The morphology of the mineralised horizon in the eastern limb is well
                                                                                                        mapped out by drilling and historic mining while the western limb up dip
                                                                                                        extent is poorly tested and mapped.
Drill hole Information   - A summary of all information material to the understanding of the         - Drill hole collar coordinates, elevation, inclination and azimuth, down hole
                           exploration results including a tabulation of the following                 length, interception depth and hole length are available in Orion’s
                           information for all Material drill holes:                                   geological database and are not all included in this release.
                           o easting and northing of the drill hole collar                           - Only the significant mineralised intersections and the easting and northing
                           o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in             of these mineralised intercepts are presented in this release.
                                metres) of the drill hole collar
                           o dip and azimuth of the hole
                           o down hole length and interception depth
                           o hole length.
                         - If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the
                           information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from
                           the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should
                           clearly explain why this is the case.
Data aggregation         - In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques,         - Significant Intersections for the Deep Sulphide Target are calculated by
methods                    maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high              average of assays result > 0.3% copper or 0.5% zinc and weighted by the
                           grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be               sample width and specific gravity of each sample.

                          stated.                                                                - Significant Intersections for the +105 Level Target are calculated by
                        - Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade       average of assays result > 0.3% copper or 0.5% zinc and weighted by the
                          results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used      sample width of each sample only.
                          for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples        - In general, the significant intersections correspond strongly to geological
                          of such aggregations should be shown in detail.                          boundaries (massive sulphides) and are clearly distinguishable from
                        - The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values        country rock / surrounding samples.
                          should be clearly stated.                                              - No truncations have been applied at this stage for either Target.
Relationship between    - These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of    - All intersection widths quoted are down hole widths.
mineralisation widths     Exploration Results.                                                  - Most holes intersected the mineralisation perpendicular or at high angle to
and intercept lengths   - If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole    the attitude of the mineralisation.
                          angle is known, its nature should be reported.                        - The geometry of the Deep Sulphide mineralisation is complex and true
                        - If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there   widths can only be obtained from the three-dimensional wireframe created
                          should be a clear statement to this effect (e.g. ‘down hole length,     of the mineralisation.
                          true width not known’).
Diagrams                - Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of         - Appropriate diagrams (plan, cross section and long section) are shown in
                          intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being        the release text.
                          reported. These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of
                          drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.
Balanced reporting      - Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not        - All drill hole results referred to in the release are listed in Table 1. All other
                          practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades        drill holes have been detailed in previous releases as referred to in the
                          and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of       text.
                          Exploration Results.                                                   - The Company has presented all available information in this report in a
                                                                                                   balanced manner and has provided appropriate context for the
                                                                                                   Exploration Results to allow a considered and balanced judgement of their
                                                                                                   significance.
Other substantive       - Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be          - Hardcopy maps are available for a range of other exploration data. This
exploration data          reported including (but not limited to): geological observations;        includes mine survey plans, geological maps, airborne magnetics, ground
                          geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk             magnetics, electromagnetics, gravity and induced polarisation. All
                          samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results;      available exploration data has been viewed by the Competent Person.
                          bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics;      - The mine operated from 1972 to 1991 and is reported to have milled a
                          potential deleterious or contaminating substances.                       total of 45.68 Mt of ore at a grade of 1.11% copper and 2.62% zinc,
                                                                                                   recovering 0.43 Mt of copper and 1.01 Mt of zinc. Detailed production and
                                                                                                   metallurgical results are available for the life of the mine.
                                                                                                 - In addition, 1.76 Mt of pyrite concentrates and 8,403 t of lead
                                                                                                   concentrates as well as amounts of silver and gold were recovered.
                                                                                                 - Copper and zinc recoveries averaged 84.9% and 84.3% respectively
                                                                                                   during the life of the mine.
Further work            - The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. tests for lateral   - Drilling is on-going to test extensions of the Deep Sulphide Target in
                          extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).        areas where the mineralisation is not closed-off.
                        - Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions,
                          including the main geological interpretations and future drilling
                          areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.

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